[hdc302x] Add new component (#10160)

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>

tests/components/hdc302x/common.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - hdc302x.heater_on:
+          id: hdc302x_sensor
+          power: QUARTER
+          duration: 5s
+      - hdc302x.heater_off:
+          id: hdc302x_sensor
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: hdc302x
+    id: hdc302x_sensor
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    temperature:
+      name: Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Humidity
+    update_interval: 15s

tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/hdc302x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml