diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 2aa0656343..6728e76bba 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ esphome/components/hbridge/light/* @DotNetDann
 esphome/components/hbridge/switch/* @dwmw2
 esphome/components/hc8/* @omartijn
 esphome/components/hdc2010/* @optimusprimespace @ssieb
+esphome/components/hdc302x/* @joshuasing
 esphome/components/he60r/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/heatpumpir/* @rob-deutsch
 esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/* @sourabhjaiswal
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc302x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hdc302x/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8165281bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc302x/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@joshuasing"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp b/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b50d34169a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+#include "hdc302x.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hdc302x {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "hdc302x.sensor";
+
+// Commands (per datasheet Table 7-4)
+static const uint8_t HDC302X_CMD_SOFT_RESET[2] = {0x30, 0xa2};
+static const uint8_t HDC302X_CMD_CLEAR_STATUS_REGISTER[2] = {0x30, 0x41};
+
+static const uint8_t HDC302X_CMD_TRIGGER_MSB = 0x24;
+
+static const uint8_t HDC302X_CMD_HEATER_ENABLE[2] = {0x30, 0x6d};
+static const uint8_t HDC302X_CMD_HEATER_DISABLE[2] = {0x30, 0x66};
+static const uint8_t HDC302X_CMD_HEATER_CONFIGURE[2] = {0x30, 0x6e};
+
+void HDC302XComponent::setup() {
+  // Soft reset the device
+  if (this->write(HDC302X_CMD_SOFT_RESET, 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Soft reset failed"));
+    return;
+  }
+  // Delay SensorRR (reset ready), per datasheet, 6.5.
+  delay(3);
+
+  // Clear status register
+  if (this->write(HDC302X_CMD_CLEAR_STATUS_REGISTER, 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Clear status failed"));
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void HDC302XComponent::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "HDC302x:\n"
+                "  Heater: %s",
+                this->heater_active_ ? "active" : "inactive");
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temp_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Humidity", this->humidity_sensor_);
+}
+
+void HDC302XComponent::update() {
+  uint8_t cmd[] = {
+      HDC302X_CMD_TRIGGER_MSB,
+      this->power_mode_,
+  };
+  if (this->write(cmd, 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Read data after ADC conversion has completed
+  this->set_timeout(this->conversion_delay_ms_(), [this]() { this->read_data_(); });
+}
+
+void HDC302XComponent::start_heater(uint16_t power, uint32_t duration_ms) {
+  if (!this->disable_heater_()) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Heater disable before start failed");
+  }
+  if (!this->configure_heater_(power) || !this->enable_heater_()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Heater start failed");
+    return;
+  }
+  this->heater_active_ = true;
+  this->cancel_timeout("heater_off");
+  if (duration_ms > 0) {
+    this->set_timeout("heater_off", duration_ms, [this]() { this->stop_heater(); });
+  }
+}
+
+void HDC302XComponent::stop_heater() {
+  this->cancel_timeout("heater_off");
+  if (!this->disable_heater_()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Heater stop failed");
+  }
+  this->heater_active_ = false;
+}
+
+bool HDC302XComponent::enable_heater_() {
+  if (this->write(HDC302X_CMD_HEATER_ENABLE, 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Enable heater failed");
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool HDC302XComponent::configure_heater_(uint16_t power_level) {
+  if (power_level > 0x3fff) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Heater power 0x%04x exceeds max 0x3fff", power_level);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Heater current level config.
+  uint8_t config[] = {
+      static_cast<uint8_t>((power_level >> 8) & 0xff),  // MSB
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(power_level & 0xff)          // LSB
+  };
+
+  // Configure level of heater current (per datasheet 7.5.7.8).
+  uint8_t cmd[] = {
+      HDC302X_CMD_HEATER_CONFIGURE[0],   HDC302X_CMD_HEATER_CONFIGURE[1], config[0], config[1],
+      crc8(config, 2, 0xff, 0x31, true),
+  };
+  if (this->write(cmd, sizeof(cmd)) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Configure heater failed");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool HDC302XComponent::disable_heater_() {
+  if (this->write(HDC302X_CMD_HEATER_DISABLE, 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Disable heater failed");
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void HDC302XComponent::read_data_() {
+  uint8_t buf[6];
+  if (this->read(buf, 6) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Check checksums
+  if (crc8(buf, 2, 0xff, 0x31, true) != buf[2] || crc8(buf + 3, 2, 0xff, 0x31, true) != buf[5]) {
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("Read data: invalid CRC"));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+
+  if (this->temp_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    uint16_t raw_t = encode_uint16(buf[0], buf[1]);
+    // Calculate temperature in Celsius per datasheet section 7.3.3.
+    float temp = -45 + 175 * (float(raw_t) / 65535.0f);
+    this->temp_sensor_->publish_state(temp);
+  }
+
+  if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    uint16_t raw_rh = encode_uint16(buf[3], buf[4]);
+    // Calculate RH% per datasheet section 7.3.3.
+    float humidity = 100 * (float(raw_rh) / 65535.0f);
+    this->humidity_sensor_->publish_state(humidity);
+  }
+}
+
+uint32_t HDC302XComponent::conversion_delay_ms_() {
+  // ADC conversion delay per datasheet, Table 7-5. - Trigger on Demand
+  switch (this->power_mode_) {
+    case HDC302XPowerMode::BALANCED:
+      return 8;
+    case HDC302XPowerMode::LOW_POWER:
+      return 5;
+    case HDC302XPowerMode::ULTRA_LOW_POWER:
+      return 4;
+    case HDC302XPowerMode::HIGH_ACCURACY:
+    default:
+      return 13;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hdc302x
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.h b/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6afea0a8c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hdc302x {
+
+enum HDC302XPowerMode : uint8_t {
+  HIGH_ACCURACY = 0x00,
+  BALANCED = 0x0b,
+  LOW_POWER = 0x16,
+  ULTRA_LOW_POWER = 0xff,
+};
+
+/**
+ HDC302x Temperature and humidity sensor.
+
+ Datasheet:
+ https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/hdc3020.pdf
+ */
+class HDC302XComponent : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void update() override;
+
+  void start_heater(uint16_t power, uint32_t duration_ms);
+  void stop_heater();
+
+  void set_temp_sensor(sensor::Sensor *temp_sensor) { this->temp_sensor_ = temp_sensor; }
+  void set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor) { this->humidity_sensor_ = humidity_sensor; }
+
+  void set_power_mode(HDC302XPowerMode power_mode) { this->power_mode_ = power_mode; }
+
+ protected:
+  sensor::Sensor *temp_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor_{nullptr};
+
+  HDC302XPowerMode power_mode_{HDC302XPowerMode::HIGH_ACCURACY};
+  bool heater_active_{false};
+
+  bool enable_heater_();
+  bool configure_heater_(uint16_t power_level);
+  bool disable_heater_();
+  void read_data_();
+  uint32_t conversion_delay_ms_();
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class HeaterOnAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<HDC302XComponent> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, power)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint32_t, duration)
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    auto power_val = this->power_.value(x...);
+    auto duration_val = this->duration_.value(x...);
+    this->parent_->start_heater(power_val, duration_val);
+  }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class HeaterOffAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<HDC302XComponent> {
+ public:
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop_heater(); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hdc302x
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7215a4cfb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+from esphome import automation
+from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DURATION,
+    CONF_HUMIDITY,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_POWER,
+    CONF_POWER_MODE,
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_CELSIUS,
+    UNIT_PERCENT,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+
+hdc302x_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("hdc302x")
+HDC302XComponent = hdc302x_ns.class_(
+    "HDC302XComponent", cg.PollingComponent, i2c.I2CDevice
+)
+
+HDC302XPowerMode = hdc302x_ns.enum("HDC302XPowerMode")
+POWER_MODE_OPTIONS = {
+    "HIGH_ACCURACY": HDC302XPowerMode.HIGH_ACCURACY,
+    "BALANCED": HDC302XPowerMode.BALANCED,
+    "LOW_POWER": HDC302XPowerMode.LOW_POWER,
+    "ULTRA_LOW_POWER": HDC302XPowerMode.ULTRA_LOW_POWER,
+}
+
+# Actions
+HeaterOnAction = hdc302x_ns.class_("HeaterOnAction", automation.Action)
+HeaterOffAction = hdc302x_ns.class_("HeaterOffAction", automation.Action)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HDC302XComponent),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HUMIDITY): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_POWER_MODE, default="HIGH_ACCURACY"): cv.enum(
+                POWER_MODE_OPTIONS, upper=True
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x44))  # Default address per datasheet, Table 7-2.
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+
+    if temp_config := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(temp_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_temp_sensor(sens))
+
+    if humidity_config := config.get(CONF_HUMIDITY):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(humidity_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_humidity_sensor(sens))
+
+    cg.add(var.set_power_mode(config[CONF_POWER_MODE]))
+
+
+# HDC302x heater power configs, per datasheet Table 7-15.
+HDC302X_HEATER_POWER_MAP = {
+    "QUARTER": 0x009F,
+    "HALF": 0x03FF,
+    "FULL": 0x3FFF,
+}
+
+
+def heater_power_value(value):
+    """Accept enum names or raw uint16 values"""
+    if isinstance(value, cv.Lambda):
+        return value
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        upper = value.upper()
+        if upper in HDC302X_HEATER_POWER_MAP:
+            return HDC302X_HEATER_POWER_MAP[upper]
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Unknown heater power preset: {value}. Use QUARTER, HALF, FULL, or a raw value 0-16383"
+        )
+    return cv.int_range(min=0, max=0x3FFF)(value)
+
+
+HDC302X_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(HDC302XComponent)})
+
+HDC302X_HEATER_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(HDC302XComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_POWER, default="QUARTER"): cv.templatable(heater_power_value),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DURATION, default="5s"): cv.templatable(
+            cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "hdc302x.heater_on", HeaterOnAction, HDC302X_HEATER_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA
+)
+async def hdc302x_heater_on_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_POWER], args, cg.uint16)
+    cg.add(var.set_power(template_))
+    template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_DURATION], args, cg.uint32)
+    cg.add(var.set_duration(template_))
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "hdc302x.heater_off", HeaterOffAction, HDC302X_ACTION_SCHEMA
+)
+async def hdc302x_heater_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
diff --git a/tests/components/hdc302x/common.yaml b/tests/components/hdc302x/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56bb31effe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hdc302x/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - hdc302x.heater_on:
+          id: hdc302x_sensor
+          power: QUARTER
+          duration: 5s
+      - hdc302x.heater_off:
+          id: hdc302x_sensor
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: hdc302x
+    id: hdc302x_sensor
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    temperature:
+      name: Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Humidity
+    update_interval: 15s
diff --git a/tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b47e39c389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a98b9388a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/hdc302x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/hdc302x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..319a7c71a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hdc302x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml