SDL_stdinc.h: provide a prototype for strdup for __clang_analyzer__ case

Because strdup is not ANSI but POSIX, and its prototype might be hidden..

... and re-enable clang-tidy in CI for LoongArch64.

Fixes:  https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues/11219.

include/SDL3/SDL_stdinc.h

@@ -4244,6 +4244,9 @@ size_t wcslcpy(wchar_t *dst, const wchar_t *src, size_t size);
 size_t wcslcat(wchar_t *dst, const wchar_t *src, size_t size);
 #endif
 
+/* strdup is not ANSI but POSIX, and its prototype might be hidden... */
+char *strdup(const char *str);
+
 /* Starting LLVM 16, the analyser errors out if these functions do not have
    their prototype defined (clang-diagnostic-implicit-function-declaration) */
 #include <stdio.h>