diff --git a/CMake/options.cmake b/CMake/options.cmake
index e91d1c828..132f435a1 100644
--- a/CMake/options.cmake
+++ b/CMake/options.cmake
@@ -194,10 +194,18 @@ set (HAVE_LIBPNG 1)
 if (UNIX)
   option (OPTION_CREATE_LINKS "create backwards compatibility links" OFF)
   list (APPEND FLTK_LDLIBS -lm)
-  option (OPTION_USE_WAYLAND "use Wayland" OFF)
+  option (OPTION_USE_WAYLAND "support Wayland and X11 backends" OFF)
   if (OPTION_USE_WAYLAND)
+    option (OPTION_WAYLAND_ONLY "support Wayland backend only" OFF)
     set (FLTK_USE_WAYLAND 1)
-    set (FLTK_USE_X11 1) # to build a hybrid Wayland/X11 library
+    if (NOT OPTION_WAYLAND_ONLY)
+      include (FindX11)
+    endif (NOT OPTION_WAYLAND_ONLY)
+    if (X11_FOUND)
+      set (FLTK_USE_X11 1) # to build a hybrid Wayland/X11 library
+    else ()
+      set (FLTK_USE_X11 0) # to build a Wayland-only library
+    endif (X11_FOUND)
     unset (OPTION_USE_CAIRO CACHE)
     set (OPTION_USE_CAIRO TRUE CACHE BOOL "all drawing to X11 windows uses Cairo")
     option (OPTION_USE_SYSTEM_LIBDECOR "use libdecor from the system" OFF)
@@ -206,11 +214,13 @@ if (UNIX)
     unset (OPTION_USE_XFT CACHE)
     unset (OPTION_USE_XCURSOR CACHE)
     unset (OPTION_USE_XFIXES CACHE)
+    if (X11_FOUND)
       set (HAVE_XFIXES 1)
       set (HAVE_XRENDER 1)
       set (USE_XFT 1)
       set (HAVE_XCURSOR 1)
       set (HAVE_XINERAMA 1)
+    endif (X11_FOUND)
     unset (OPTION_USE_PANGO CACHE)
     set (OPTION_USE_PANGO TRUE CACHE BOOL "use lib Pango")
     if (OPTION_USE_SYSTEM_LIBDECOR)
diff --git a/FL/platform.H b/FL/platform.H
index 834a32392..75ec2f841 100644
--- a/FL/platform.H
+++ b/FL/platform.H
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ class Fl_Window;
 #    include "mac.H"
 #  elif defined(FLTK_USE_WAYLAND)
 #    include "wayland.H"
+#     if !FLTK_USE_X11
+        typedef struct wld_window *Window;
+#     endif
 #  elif defined(FLTK_USE_X11)
 #    include "x11.H"
 #  endif // _WIN32
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ public:
   // static variables, static functions and member functions
   static Fl_X* first;
   static Fl_X* i(const Fl_Window* w) {return (Fl_X*)w->i;}
-#  if defined(FLTK_USE_X11) // for backward compatibility
+#  if defined(FLTK_USE_X11) && FLTK_USE_X11 // for backward compatibility
   static void make_xid(Fl_Window*, XVisualInfo* =fl_visual, Colormap=fl_colormap);
   static Fl_X* set_xid(Fl_Window*, Window);
 #  endif
diff --git a/FL/wayland.H b/FL/wayland.H
index 2f88ce2e9..3c16dc22a 100644
--- a/FL/wayland.H
+++ b/FL/wayland.H
@@ -42,7 +42,9 @@ extern FL_EXPORT EGLContext fl_wl_glcontext(GLContext rc);
 
 #ifndef FL_DOXYGEN
 
+#  if FLTK_USE_X11
 //  *********** for X11 component ***********
-#  include "x11.H"
+#    include "x11.H"
+#  endif
 
 #endif // FL_DOXYGEN
diff --git a/FL/x11.H b/FL/x11.H
index 56ca43b08..a86b605f2 100644
--- a/FL/x11.H
+++ b/FL/x11.H
@@ -108,13 +108,6 @@ extern FL_EXPORT Fl_XFont_On_Demand fl_xfont;
 
 extern FL_EXPORT char fl_override_redirect; // hack into Fl_X::make_xid()
 
-#if USE_PANGO
-struct flCairoRegion {
-  int count;
-  struct _cairo_rectangle *rects;
-}; // a region is the union of a series of rectangles
-#endif
-
 #endif // FL_LIBRARY || FL_INTERNALS
 
 #endif // FL_DOXYGEN
diff --git a/README.CMake.txt b/README.CMake.txt
index d97b491cd..37f6344c4 100644
--- a/README.CMake.txt
+++ b/README.CMake.txt
@@ -175,6 +175,10 @@ OPTION_USE_WAYLAND - default OFF
    and use X11 for their window operations otherwise, but keep using
    Cairo and Pango - see README.Wayland.txt.
 
+OPTION_WAYLAND_ONLY - default OFF
+   In conjunction with OPTION_USE_WAYLAND, restricts FLTK to support the
+   Wayland backend only.
+
 OPTION_ABI_VERSION - default EMPTY
    Use a numeric value corresponding to the FLTK ABI version you want to
    build in the form 1xxyy for FLTK 1.x.y (xx and yy with leading zeroes).
diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index 17f867420..a9db6e04a 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -282,19 +282,23 @@ elseif (OPTION_USE_WAYLAND)
     drivers/Wayland/fl_wayland_clipboard_dnd.cxx
     drivers/Wayland/fl_wayland_platform_init.cxx
     drivers/Cairo/Fl_Cairo_Graphics_Driver.cxx
-    drivers/Cairo/Fl_Display_Cairo_Graphics_Driver.cxx
     Fl_Native_File_Chooser_FLTK.cxx
     Fl_Native_File_Chooser_GTK.cxx
     Fl_Native_File_Chooser_Kdialog.cxx
-    drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Screen_Driver.cxx
-    drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Window_Driver.cxx
-    drivers/X11/Fl_X11_System_Driver.cxx
-    drivers/Xlib/Fl_Xlib_Copy_Surface_Driver.cxx
-    drivers/Xlib/Fl_Xlib_Image_Surface_Driver.cxx
-    Fl_x.cxx
-    fl_dnd_x.cxx
-    Fl_get_key.cxx
-  )
+    )
+    if (FLTK_USE_X11)
+      list (APPEND DRIVER_FILES
+        drivers/Cairo/Fl_Display_Cairo_Graphics_Driver.cxx
+        drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Screen_Driver.cxx
+        drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Window_Driver.cxx
+        drivers/X11/Fl_X11_System_Driver.cxx
+        drivers/Xlib/Fl_Xlib_Copy_Surface_Driver.cxx
+        drivers/Xlib/Fl_Xlib_Image_Surface_Driver.cxx
+        Fl_x.cxx
+        fl_dnd_x.cxx
+        Fl_get_key.cxx
+      )
+    endif (FLTK_USE_X11)
   set (DRIVER_HEADER_FILES
     drivers/Posix/Fl_Posix_System_Driver.H
     drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_System_Driver.H
@@ -426,9 +430,12 @@ set (GL_DRIVER_FILES
 if (OPTION_USE_WAYLAND)
   set (GL_DRIVER_FILES ${GL_DRIVER_FILES}
     drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_Gl_Window_Driver.cxx
-    drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Gl_Window_Driver.cxx
     drivers/Wayland/fl_wayland_gl_platform_init.cxx)
-  set (GL_DRIVER_HEADER_FILES drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_Gl_Window_Driver.H drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Gl_Window_Driver.H)
+  set (GL_DRIVER_HEADER_FILES drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_Gl_Window_Driver.H)
+  if (FLTK_USE_X11)
+    list (APPEND GL_DRIVER_FILES drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Gl_Window_Driver.cxx)
+    list (APPEND GL_DRIVER_HEADER_FILES drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Gl_Window_Driver.H)
+  endif (FLTK_USE_X11)
 elseif (FLTK_USE_X11)
   set (GL_DRIVER_FILES ${GL_DRIVER_FILES} drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Gl_Window_Driver.cxx drivers/X11/fl_X11_gl_platform_init.cxx)
   set (GL_DRIVER_HEADER_FILES drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Gl_Window_Driver.H)
@@ -511,12 +518,14 @@ if (OPTION_USE_WAYLAND)
   endif (GTK_FOUND)
 
   list (APPEND CFILES
-    xutf8/keysym2Ucs.c
     scandir_posix.c
     ../libdecor/src/cursor-settings.c
     ../libdecor/src/os-compatibility.c
     ../libdecor/build/fl_libdecor-plugins.c
     )
+  if (FLTK_USE_X11)
+    list (APPEND CFILES xutf8/keysym2Ucs.c)
+  endif (FLTK_USE_X11)
   if (NOT OPTION_USE_SYSTEM_LIBDECOR)
     list (APPEND CFILES
     ../libdecor/build/fl_libdecor.c
diff --git a/src/drivers/Cairo/Fl_Cairo_Graphics_Driver.H b/src/drivers/Cairo/Fl_Cairo_Graphics_Driver.H
index 5ca8ab027..1a9d22e81 100644
--- a/src/drivers/Cairo/Fl_Cairo_Graphics_Driver.H
+++ b/src/drivers/Cairo/Fl_Cairo_Graphics_Driver.H
@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ typedef struct _PangoLayout  PangoLayout;
 typedef struct _PangoContext PangoContext;
 typedef struct _PangoFontDescription PangoFontDescription;
 
+#if USE_PANGO
+  struct flCairoRegion {
+    int count;
+    struct _cairo_rectangle *rects;
+  }; // a region is the union of a series of rectangles
+#endif
 
 class Fl_Cairo_Font_Descriptor : public Fl_Font_Descriptor {
 public:
diff --git a/src/drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver.H b/src/drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver.H
index f0f01ca1f..28e5f3655 100644
--- a/src/drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver.H
+++ b/src/drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver.H
@@ -174,7 +174,9 @@ public:
   static compositor_name compositor; // identifies the used Wayland compositor
   void set_spot(int font, int height, int x, int y, int w, int h, Fl_Window *win);
   void reset_spot();
+#if FLTK_USE_X11
   static bool undo_wayland_backend_if_needed(const char *backend = NULL);
+#endif
 };
 
 
diff --git a/src/drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver.cxx b/src/drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver.cxx
index b12b32bca..ec93f1fa9 100644
--- a/src/drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver.cxx
+++ b/src/drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver.cxx
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
 #include "Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver.H"
 #include "Fl_Wayland_Window_Driver.H"
 #include "Fl_Wayland_System_Driver.H"
-#include "../X11/Fl_X11_System_Driver.H"
+#if FLTK_USE_X11
+#  include "../X11/Fl_X11_System_Driver.H"
+#endif
 #include "Fl_Wayland_Graphics_Driver.H"
 #include <wayland-cursor.h>
 #include "../../../libdecor/src/libdecor.h"
@@ -1090,6 +1092,7 @@ Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver::Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver() : Fl_Screen_Driver() {
 }
 
 
+#if FLTK_USE_X11
 bool Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver::undo_wayland_backend_if_needed(const char *backend) {
   if (!backend) backend = getenv("FLTK_BACKEND");
   if (wl_display && backend && strcmp(backend, "x11") == 0) {
@@ -1101,6 +1104,7 @@ bool Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver::undo_wayland_backend_if_needed(const char *backen
   }
   return false;
 }
+#endif
 
 
 void Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver::open_display_platform() {
@@ -1109,10 +1113,12 @@ void Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver::open_display_platform() {
     return;
 
   beenHereDoneThat = true;
+#if FLTK_USE_X11
   if (undo_wayland_backend_if_needed()) {
     Fl::screen_driver()->open_display();
     return;
   }
+#endif
 
   if (!wl_display) {
     wl_display = wl_display_connect(NULL);
diff --git a/src/drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_System_Driver.cxx b/src/drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_System_Driver.cxx
index c47ff56cf..219d68926 100644
--- a/src/drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_System_Driver.cxx
+++ b/src/drivers/Wayland/Fl_Wayland_System_Driver.cxx
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ void *Fl_Wayland_System_Driver::control_maximize_button(void *data) {
 
 
 void Fl_Wayland_System_Driver::disable_wayland() {
+#if FLTK_USE_X11
   if (too_late_to_disable) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Error: fl_disable_wayland() cannot be called "
             "after the Wayland display was opened\n"
@@ -102,4 +103,5 @@ void Fl_Wayland_System_Driver::disable_wayland() {
     exit(1);
   }
   Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver::undo_wayland_backend_if_needed("x11");
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/src/drivers/Wayland/fl_wayland_gl_platform_init.cxx b/src/drivers/Wayland/fl_wayland_gl_platform_init.cxx
index f80ee67ba..1d060b193 100644
--- a/src/drivers/Wayland/fl_wayland_gl_platform_init.cxx
+++ b/src/drivers/Wayland/fl_wayland_gl_platform_init.cxx
@@ -17,11 +17,16 @@
 
 #include "Fl_Wayland_Gl_Window_Driver.H"
 #include "Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver.H"
+#if FLTK_USE_X11
 #include "../X11/Fl_X11_Gl_Window_Driver.H"
-
+#endif
 
 Fl_Gl_Window_Driver *Fl_Gl_Window_Driver::newGlWindowDriver(Fl_Gl_Window *w)
 {
+#if FLTK_USE_X11
   if (Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver::wl_display) return new Fl_Wayland_Gl_Window_Driver(w);
   return new Fl_X11_Gl_Window_Driver(w);
+#else
+  return new Fl_Wayland_Gl_Window_Driver(w);
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/src/drivers/Wayland/fl_wayland_platform_init.cxx b/src/drivers/Wayland/fl_wayland_platform_init.cxx
index c1536680c..e962de92b 100644
--- a/src/drivers/Wayland/fl_wayland_platform_init.cxx
+++ b/src/drivers/Wayland/fl_wayland_platform_init.cxx
@@ -21,21 +21,22 @@
 #include "Fl_Wayland_System_Driver.H"
 #include "Fl_Wayland_Window_Driver.H"
 #include "Fl_Wayland_Image_Surface_Driver.H"
-
-#include "../Xlib/Fl_Xlib_Copy_Surface_Driver.H"
-#include <cairo-xlib.h>
-#include "../Cairo/Fl_Display_Cairo_Graphics_Driver.H"
-#include "../X11/Fl_X11_Screen_Driver.H"
-#include "../X11/Fl_X11_System_Driver.H"
-#include "../X11/Fl_X11_Window_Driver.H"
-#include "../Xlib/Fl_Xlib_Image_Surface_Driver.H"
-
+#if FLTK_USE_X11
+#  include "../Xlib/Fl_Xlib_Copy_Surface_Driver.H"
+#  include <cairo-xlib.h>
+#  include "../Cairo/Fl_Display_Cairo_Graphics_Driver.H"
+#  include "../X11/Fl_X11_Screen_Driver.H"
+#  include "../X11/Fl_X11_System_Driver.H"
+#  include "../X11/Fl_X11_Window_Driver.H"
+#  include "../Xlib/Fl_Xlib_Image_Surface_Driver.H"
+#endif
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 
 Fl_System_Driver *Fl_System_Driver::newSystemDriver() {
+#if FLTK_USE_X11
   const char *backend = ::getenv("FLTK_BACKEND");
   const char *xdgrt = ::getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
   // fprintf(stderr, "FLTK_BACKEND='%s' XDG_RUNTIME_DIR='%s'\n",
@@ -72,6 +73,9 @@ Fl_System_Driver *Fl_System_Driver::newSystemDriver() {
   fprintf(stderr, "Error: unexpected value of FLTK_BACKEND: '%s'\n", backend);
   exit(1);
   return NULL;
+#else
+  return new Fl_Wayland_System_Driver();
+#endif
 }
 
 
@@ -99,6 +103,7 @@ FL_EXPORT Fl_Fontdesc *fl_fonts = built_in_table;
 
 
 Fl_Graphics_Driver *Fl_Graphics_Driver::newMainGraphicsDriver() {
+#if FLTK_USE_X11
   Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver::undo_wayland_backend_if_needed();
   if (Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver::wl_display) {
     fl_graphics_driver = new Fl_Wayland_Graphics_Driver();
@@ -106,16 +111,24 @@ Fl_Graphics_Driver *Fl_Graphics_Driver::newMainGraphicsDriver() {
     fl_graphics_driver = new Fl_Display_Cairo_Graphics_Driver();
   }
   return fl_graphics_driver;
+#else
+  return new Fl_Wayland_Graphics_Driver();
+#endif
 }
 
 
 Fl_Copy_Surface_Driver *Fl_Copy_Surface_Driver::newCopySurfaceDriver(int w, int h) {
+#if FLTK_USE_X11
   if (Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver::wl_display) return new Fl_Wayland_Copy_Surface_Driver(w, h);
   return new Fl_Xlib_Copy_Surface_Driver(w, h);
+#else
+  return new Fl_Wayland_Copy_Surface_Driver(w, h);
+#endif
 }
 
 
 Fl_Screen_Driver *Fl_Screen_Driver::newScreenDriver() {
+#if FLTK_USE_X11
   if (!Fl_Screen_Driver::system_driver) Fl::system_driver();
   Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver::undo_wayland_backend_if_needed();
   if (Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver::wl_display) {
@@ -127,11 +140,15 @@ Fl_Screen_Driver *Fl_Screen_Driver::newScreenDriver() {
   for (int i = 0;  i < MAX_SCREENS; i++) d->screens[i].scale = 1;
   d->current_xft_dpi = 0.; // means the value of the Xft.dpi resource is still unknown
   return d;
+#else
+  return new Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver();
+#endif
 }
 
 
 Fl_Window_Driver *Fl_Window_Driver::newWindowDriver(Fl_Window *w)
 {
+#if FLTK_USE_X11
   if (!Fl_Screen_Driver::system_driver) Fl::system_driver();
   static bool been_here = false;
   if (!been_here) {
@@ -141,11 +158,18 @@ Fl_Window_Driver *Fl_Window_Driver::newWindowDriver(Fl_Window *w)
   }
   if (Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver::wl_display) return new Fl_Wayland_Window_Driver(w);
   return new Fl_X11_Window_Driver(w);
+#else
+  return new Fl_Wayland_Window_Driver(w);
+#endif
 }
 
 
 Fl_Image_Surface_Driver *Fl_Image_Surface_Driver::newImageSurfaceDriver(int w, int h, int high_res, Fl_Offscreen off)
 {
+#if FLTK_USE_X11
   if (Fl_Wayland_Screen_Driver::wl_display) return new Fl_Wayland_Image_Surface_Driver(w, h, high_res, off);
   return new Fl_Xlib_Image_Surface_Driver(w, h, high_res, off);
+#else
+  return new Fl_Wayland_Image_Surface_Driver(w, h, high_res, off);
+#endif
 }