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Typos reported by Alexander Mai
Fl_Browser_ docos finished. Added Fl_Group::init_sizes() description. Added links for common widgets in chapter 3 (?) Fixed formatting problems in subclassing and FLUID chapters. git-svn-id: file:///fltk/svn/fltk/branches/branch-1.0@1100 ea41ed52-d2ee-0310-a9c1-e6b18d33e121
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Michael R Sweet
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<HTML><BODY>
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<H1 ALIGN=RIGHT><A NAME=FLUID>8 - Programming with FLUID</A></H1>
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This chapter shows how to use the Fast Light User-Interface Designer
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This chapter shows how to use the Fast Light User-Interface Designer
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("FLUID") to create your GUIs.
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<H2>What is FLUID?</H2>
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The Fast Light User Interface Designer, or FLUID, is a graphical
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<P>The Fast Light User Interface Designer, or FLUID, is a graphical
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editor that is used to produce FLTK source code.
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<P>FLUID edits and saves its state in <TT>.fl</TT> files. These files are
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text, and you can (with care) edit them in a text editor, perhaps to
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get some special effects. </P>
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<P>FLUID can "compile" the <TT>.fl</TT> file into a <TT>.cxx</TT> and a <TT>.h</TT> file. The
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<TT>.cxx</TT> file defines all the objects from the <TT>.fl</TT> file and the <TT>.h</TT> file
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declares all the global ones. </P>
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<P>FLUID also supports localization (<A HREF="#I18N">Internationalization</A>)
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of label strings using message files and the GNU gettext or POSIX catgets
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interfaces.
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<P>A simple program can be made by putting all your code (including a <TT>
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main()</TT> function) into the <TT>.fl</TT> file and thus making the <TT>.cxx</TT> file a
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single source file to compile. Most programs are more complex than
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this, so you write other <TT>.cxx</TT> files that call the FLUID functions.
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These <TT>.cxx</TT> files must <TT>#include</TT> the <TT>.h</TT> file or they can <TT>
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These <TT>.cxx</TT> files must <TT>#include</TT> the <TT>.h</TT> file or they can <TT>
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#include</TT> the <TT>.cxx</TT> file so it still appears to be a single source
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file.
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<P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG src=fluid-org.gif>
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<P>Normally the FLUID file defines one or more functions or classes which
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output C++ code. Each function defines a one or more FLTK
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windows, and all the widgets that go inside those windows. </P>
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@@ -61,7 +73,7 @@ save-as to write it to a file).
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Changing the colors may be useful to see what your interface will look
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at if the user calls it with the same switches.
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<P>In the current version, if you don't go into the background (with
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'&' then you will be able to abort FLUID by typing ^C on the terminal. It
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'&') then you will be able to abort FLUID by typing ^C on the terminal. It
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will exit immediately, losing any changes. </P>
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<H2>Running FLUID Under Microsoft Windows</H2>
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To run FLUID under WIN32, double-click on the <I>FLUID.exe</I> file.
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@@ -81,7 +93,7 @@ code. In a makefile you can use a line like this:
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<UL>
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<PRE>
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my_panels.h my_panels.cxx: my_panels.fl
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FLUID -c my_panels.fl
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fluid -c my_panels.fl
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</PRE>
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</UL>
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Some versions of make will accept rules like this to allow all <TT>.fl</TT>
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@@ -90,16 +102,16 @@ files found to be compiled:
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<PRE>
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.SUFFIXES: .fl .cxx .h
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.fl.h .fl.cxx:
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FLUID -c $<
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fluid -c $<
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</PRE>
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</UL>
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<H2>A Short Tutorial</H2>
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FLUID is an amazingly powerful little program. However, this power
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comes at a price, as it is not always obvious how to accomplish seemingly
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comes at a price as it is not always obvious how to accomplish seemingly
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simple tasks with it. This tutorial will show you how to generate a
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complete user interface class with FLUID that is used for the CubeView
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program below.
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program provided with FLTK.
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<P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="cubeview.gif"></P>
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@@ -524,10 +536,6 @@ to reorder functions, classes, and windows within functions.
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<H4>Edit/Later (F3)</H4>
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Moves all of the selected widgets one later in order among the
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children of their parent (if possible).
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<P>
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<TABLE WIDTH=100% CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0>
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<TR>
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<TD VALIGN=TOP>
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<H4>Edit/Group (F7)</H4>
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Creates a new <tt>Fl_Group</tt> and make all the currently selected widgets
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children of it.
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@@ -539,14 +547,13 @@ selection. This makes it easier to see box borders and how the layout
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looks. The overlays will be forced back on if you change the
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selection.
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<H4>Edit/Preferences (Alt+p)</H4>
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Displays the preferences panel. The alignment preferences control the
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grid that all widgets snap to when you move and resize them, and for the
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"snap" which is how far a widget has to be dragged from its original position
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to actually change.
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</TD>
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<TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH=226><IMG SRC="fluid_prefs.gif"></TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><IMG SRC="fluid_prefs.gif"></P>
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<P>The output filenames control the extensions or names of the files the are
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generated by FLUID. If you check the "Include .h from .cxx" button the code
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@@ -600,9 +607,7 @@ the widgets more accurately, especially when setting the box type.
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for the fields. In this case the value for <I>one</I> of the widgets
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is shown. But if you change this value, <I>all</I> of the selected
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widgets are changed to the new value.
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<TABLE cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%>
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<TR>
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<TD VALIGN=TOP>Hitting "OK" makes the changes permanent. Selecting a different
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<P>Hitting "OK" makes the changes permanent. Selecting a different
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widget also makes the changes permanent. FLUID checks for simple
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syntax errors such as mismatched parenthesis in any code before
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saving any text.
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@@ -611,6 +616,10 @@ the panel or hit OK. However in the current version of FLUID, changes
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to "visible" attributes (such as the color, label, box) are not undone
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by revert or cancel. Changes to code like the callbacks are undone,
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however.
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<!-- NEW PAGE -->
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<TABLE cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%>
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<TR>
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<TD VALIGN=TOP>
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<H3><A name=widget_attributes>Widget Attributes</A></H3>
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<H4>Name (text field)</H4>
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Name of a variable to declare, and to store a pointer to this
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@@ -620,13 +629,16 @@ blank then no variable is created.
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etc. This will cause FLUID to declare an array of pointers. The array
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is big enough that the highest number found can be stored. All widgets
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that in the array must be the same type. </P>
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</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH=378><IMG src="fluid_widget.gif"></TD></TR>
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</TABLE>
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<H4>Type (upper-right pulldown menu)</H4>
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Some classes have subtypes that modify their appearance or behavior.
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You pick the subtype off of this menu.
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<H4>Box (pulldown menu)</H4>
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The boxtype to draw as a background for the widget.
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The boxtype to draw as a background for the widget.
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</TD>
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<TD> </TD>
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<TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH=378><IMG src="fluid_widget.gif"></TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P>Many widgets will work, and draw faster, with a "frame" instead of a
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"box". A frame does not draw the colored interior, leaving whatever
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was already there visible. Be careful, as FLUID may draw this ok but
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