Update release

Import/GacUI.Windows.cpp

@@ -3067,13 +3067,6 @@ WindowsDirect2DParagraph
 					TextRange(){}
 					TextRange(vint _start, vint _end):start(_start),end(_end){}
 
-					inline vint Compare(const TextRange& value)const
-					{
-						vint result;
-						if ((result = start - value.start) != 0) return result;
-						if ((result = end - value.end) != 0) return result;
-						return 0;
-					}
 					GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(TextRange)
 				};
 

Import/GacUI.Windows.h

@@ -461,8 +461,7 @@ Renderers
 					ColorItemResource			selectedFocused;
 					ColorItemResource			selectedUnfocused;
 
-					bool						operator==(const ColorEntryResource& value){return false;}
+					bool						operator==(const ColorEntryResource& value) const { return false; }
-					bool						operator!=(const ColorEntryResource& value){return true;}
 				};
 
 				typedef collections::Array<ColorEntryResource>			ColorArray;
@@ -1057,13 +1056,6 @@ UniscribeColor
 				UniscribeColorRange(){}
 				UniscribeColorRange(vint _start, vint _end):start(_start),end(_end){}
 
-				inline vint Compare(const UniscribeColorRange& value)const
-				{
-					vint result;
-					if ((result = start - value.start) != 0) return result;
-					if ((result = end - value.end) != 0) return result;
-					return 0;
-				}
 				GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(UniscribeColorRange)
 			};
 
@@ -1075,13 +1067,6 @@ UniscribeColor
 				UniscribeColor(){}
 				UniscribeColor(Color _fontColor, Color _backgroundColor):fontColor(_fontColor),backgroundColor(_backgroundColor){}
 
-				inline vint64_t Compare(const UniscribeColor& value)const
-				{
-					vint64_t result;
-					if ((result = fontColor.Compare(value.fontColor)) != 0) return result;
-					if ((result = backgroundColor.Compare(value.backgroundColor)) != 0) return result;
-					return 0;
-				}
 				GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(UniscribeColor)
 			};
 		}

Import/GacUI.h

@@ -74,12 +74,8 @@ Enumerations
 		};
 
 #define GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(TYPE)\
-		inline bool operator==(const TYPE& right)const { return Compare(right) == 0; } \
+		std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const TYPE&) const = default;\
-		inline bool operator!=(const TYPE& right)const { return Compare(right) != 0; } \
+		bool operator==(const TYPE&) const = default;\
-		inline bool operator< (const TYPE& right)const { return Compare(right) < 0; }  \
-		inline bool operator<=(const TYPE& right)const { return Compare(right) <= 0; } \
-		inline bool operator> (const TYPE& right)const { return Compare(right) > 0; }  \
-		inline bool operator>=(const TYPE& right)const { return Compare(right) >= 0; } \
 
 /***********************************************************************
 TextPos
@@ -109,13 +105,6 @@ TextPos
 			{
 			}
 
-			inline vint Compare(const TextPos& value)const
-			{
-				vint result;
-				if ((result = row - value.row) != 0) return result;
-				if ((result = column - value.column) != 0) return result;
-				return 0;
-			}
 			GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(TextPos)
 		};
 
@@ -147,13 +136,6 @@ GridPos
 			{
 			}
 
-			inline vint Compare(const GridPos& value)const
-			{
-				vint result;
-				if ((result = row - value.row) != 0) return result;
-				if ((result = column - value.column) != 0) return result;
-				return 0;
-			}
 			GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(GridPos)
 		};
 
@@ -180,7 +162,6 @@ Coordinate
 			NativeCoordinate& operator=(const NativeCoordinate& _value) = default;
 			NativeCoordinate& operator=(NativeCoordinate&& _value) = default;
 
-			inline vint Compare(NativeCoordinate c) const { return value - c.value; }
 			GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(NativeCoordinate)
 
 			inline NativeCoordinate operator+(NativeCoordinate c)const { return value + c.value; };
@@ -227,13 +208,6 @@ Point
 			{
 			}
 
-			inline vint Compare(const Point_<T>& value)const
-			{
-				vint result;
-				if ((result = CompareCoordinate(x, value.x)) != 0) return result;
-				if ((result = CompareCoordinate(y, value.y)) != 0) return result;
-				return 0;
-			}
 			GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(Point_<T>)
 		};
 
@@ -270,13 +244,6 @@ Size
 			{
 			}
 
-			inline vint Compare(const Size_<T>& value)const
-			{
-				vint result;
-				if ((result = CompareCoordinate(x, value.x)) != 0) return result;
-				if ((result = CompareCoordinate(y, value.y)) != 0) return result;
-				return 0;
-			}
 			GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(Size_<T>)
 		};
 
@@ -326,15 +293,6 @@ Rectangle
 			{
 			}
 
-			inline vint Compare(const Rect_<T>& value)const
-			{
-				vint result;
-				if ((result = CompareCoordinate(x1, value.x1)) != 0) return result;
-				if ((result = CompareCoordinate(y1, value.y1)) != 0) return result;
-				if ((result = CompareCoordinate(x2, value.x2)) != 0) return result;
-				if ((result = CompareCoordinate(y2, value.y2)) != 0) return result;
-				return 0;
-			}
 			GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(Rect_<T>)
 
 			Point_<T> LeftTop()const
@@ -536,11 +494,8 @@ Color
 			{
 			}
 
-			vint64_t Compare(Color color)const
+			std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const Color& c) const { return value <=> c.value; }
-			{
+			bool operator==(const Color& c) const { return value == c.value; }
-				return (vint64_t)value - (vint64_t)color.value;
-			}
-			GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(Color)
 
 			static Color Parse(const WString& value)
 			{
@@ -628,15 +583,6 @@ Margin
 			{
 			}
 
-			inline vint Compare(const Margin_<T>& value)const
-			{
-				vint result;
-				if ((result = CompareCoordinate(left, value.left)) != 0) return result;
-				if ((result = CompareCoordinate(top, value.top)) != 0) return result;
-				if ((result = CompareCoordinate(right, value.right)) != 0) return result;
-				if ((result = CompareCoordinate(bottom, value.bottom)) != 0) return result;
-				return 0;
-			}
 			GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(Margin_<T>)
 		};
 
@@ -696,33 +642,6 @@ Resources
 			{
 			}
 			
-			vint64_t Compare(const FontProperties& value)const
-			{
-				vint64_t result = 0;
-
-				result = WString::Compare(fontFamily, value.fontFamily);
-				if (result != 0) return result;
-
-				result = (vint64_t)size - (vint64_t)value.size;
-				if (result != 0) return result;
-
-				result = (vint64_t)bold - (vint64_t)value.bold;
-				if (result != 0) return result;
-
-				result = (vint64_t)italic - (vint64_t)value.italic;
-				if (result != 0) return result;
-
-				result = (vint64_t)underline - (vint64_t)value.underline;
-				if (result != 0) return result;
-
-				result = (vint64_t)strikeline - (vint64_t)value.strikeline;
-				if (result != 0) return result;
-
-				result = (vint64_t)antialias - (vint64_t)value.antialias;
-				if (result != 0) return result;
-
-				return 0;
-			}
 			GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(FontProperties)
 		};
 
@@ -2347,7 +2266,12 @@ INativeWindow
 			/// </summary>
 			/// <returns>Returns true if the window needs to be updated.</returns>
 			/// <param name="cleanBeforeRender">True when the whole render target needs to be cleaned.</param>
-			virtual void				ForceRefresh(bool handleFailure, bool& failureByResized, bool& failureByLostDevice);
+			virtual void				ForceRefresh(bool handleFailure, bool& updated, bool& failureByResized, bool& failureByLostDevice);
+			/// <summary>
+			/// Called when the window becomes a main window in hosted mode.
+			/// This callback is only called once on the main window.
+			/// </summary>
+			virtual void				BecomeMainHostedWindow();
 			/// <summary>
 			/// Called when the window becomes a non-main window in hosted mode.
 			/// It requires MaximizedBox and MinimizedBox to be disabled.
@@ -3707,6 +3631,10 @@ Predefined Events
 				ParentLineChanged,
 				/// <summary>Service added changed.</summary>
 				ServiceAdded,
+				/// <summary>The window need to update when data or layout is changed. This even only triggered on <see cref="controls::GuiControlHost"/>.</summary>
+				UpdateRequested,
+				/// <summary>The window finished all the updating works after data or layout is changed. This even only triggered on <see cref="controls::GuiControlHost"/>.</summary>
+				UpdateFullfilled,
 			};
 
 			/// <summary>Control signal event arguments.</summary>
@@ -4018,7 +3946,9 @@ Basic Construction
 
 				friend class controls::GuiControl;
 				friend class GuiGraphicsHost;
-				friend void InvokeOnCompositionStateChanged(compositions::GuiGraphicsComposition* composition);
+				friend void InvokeOnCompositionStateChanged(GuiGraphicsComposition* composition);
+				friend Size InvokeGetMinPreferredClientSizeInternal(GuiGraphicsComposition* composition, bool considerPreferredMinSize);
+				friend Rect InvokeGetPreferredBoundsInternal(GuiGraphicsComposition* composition, bool considerPreferredMinSize);
 			public:
 				/// <summary>
 				/// Minimum size limitation.
@@ -4073,6 +4003,9 @@ Basic Construction
 				void										SetAssociatedControl(controls::GuiControl* control);
 				void										InvokeOnCompositionStateChanged();
 
+				virtual Size								GetMinPreferredClientSizeInternal(bool considerPreferredMinSize) = 0;
+				virtual Rect								GetPreferredBoundsInternal(bool considerPreferredMinSize) = 0;
+
 				static bool									SharedPtrDestructorProc(DescriptableObject* obj, bool forceDisposing);
 			public:
 				GuiGraphicsComposition();
@@ -4210,15 +4143,16 @@ Basic Construction
 				/// <summary>Force to calculate layout and size immediately</summary>
 				virtual void								ForceCalculateSizeImmediately();
 
+				/// <summary>Get the preferred minimum client size.</summary>
+				/// <returns>The preferred minimum client size.</returns>
+				Size										GetMinPreferredClientSize();
+				/// <summary>Get the preferred bounds.</summary>
+				/// <returns>The preferred bounds.</returns>
+				Rect										GetPreferredBounds();
+				
 				/// <summary>Test is the size calculation affected by the parent.</summary>
 				/// <returns>Returns true if the size calculation is affected by the parent.</returns>
 				virtual bool								IsSizeAffectParent()=0;
-				/// <summary>Get the preferred minimum client size.</summary>
-				/// <returns>The preferred minimum client size.</returns>
-				virtual Size								GetMinPreferredClientSize()=0;
-				/// <summary>Get the preferred bounds.</summary>
-				/// <returns>The preferred bounds.</returns>
-				virtual Rect								GetPreferredBounds()=0;
 				/// <summary>Get the bounds.</summary>
 				/// <returns>The bounds.</returns>
 				virtual Rect								GetBounds()=0;
@@ -4229,15 +4163,18 @@ Basic Construction
 			/// </summary>
 			class GuiGraphicsSite : public GuiGraphicsComposition, public Description<GuiGraphicsSite>
 			{
+				friend Rect							InvokeGetBoundsInternal(GuiGraphicsSite* composition, Rect expectedBounds, bool considerPreferredMinSize);
 			protected:
 				Rect								previousBounds;
 
 				/// <summary>Calculate the final bounds from an expected bounds.</summary>
 				/// <returns>The final bounds according to some configuration like margin, minimum size, etc..</returns>
 				/// <param name="expectedBounds">The expected bounds.</param>
-				virtual Rect						GetBoundsInternal(Rect expectedBounds);
+				virtual Rect						GetBoundsInternal(Rect expectedBounds, bool considerPreferredMinSize);
 
 				void								UpdatePreviousBounds(Rect bounds);
+				Size								GetMinPreferredClientSizeInternal(bool considerPreferredMinSize)override;
+				Rect								GetPreferredBoundsInternal(bool considerPreferredMinSize)override;
 			public:
 				GuiGraphicsSite();
 				~GuiGraphicsSite();
@@ -4246,8 +4183,6 @@ Basic Construction
 				compositions::GuiNotifyEvent		BoundsChanged;
 				
 				bool								IsSizeAffectParent()override;
-				Size								GetMinPreferredClientSize()override;
-				Rect								GetPreferredBounds()override;
 
 				/// <summary>Get the previous calculated bounds, ignoring any surrounding changes that could affect the bounds.</summary>
 				/// <returns>The previous calculated bounds.</returns>
@@ -4328,6 +4263,7 @@ Basic Compositions
 				Rect								compositionBounds;
 				Margin								alignmentToParent{ -1,-1,-1,-1 };
 
+				Rect								GetPreferredBoundsInternal(bool considerPreferredMinSize)override;
 			public:
 				GuiBoundsComposition();
 				~GuiBoundsComposition();
@@ -4340,7 +4276,6 @@ Basic Compositions
 				void								SetSizeAffectParent(bool value);
 				
 				bool								IsSizeAffectParent()override;
-				Rect								GetPreferredBounds()override;
 				Rect								GetBounds()override;
 				/// <summary>Set the expected bounds.</summary>
 				/// <param name="value">The expected bounds.</param>
@@ -4789,6 +4724,7 @@ Host
 				HostRecord								hostRecord;
 				bool									supressPaint = false;
 				bool									needRender = true;
+				bool									renderingTriggeredInLastFrame = false;
 				ProcList								afterRenderProcs;
 				ProcMap									afterRenderKeyedProcs;
 
@@ -4849,9 +4785,11 @@ Host
 				void									Char(const NativeWindowCharInfo& info)override;
 
 				bool									NeedRefresh()override;
-				void									ForceRefresh(bool handleFailure, bool& failureByResized, bool& failureByLostDevice)override;
+				void									ForceRefresh(bool handleFailure, bool& updated, bool& failureByResized, bool& failureByLostDevice)override;
-
 				void									GlobalTimer()override;
+
+				elements::RenderTargetFailure			Render(bool forceUpdate, bool handleFailure, bool& updated);
+
 			public:
 				GuiGraphicsHost(controls::GuiControlHost* _controlHost, GuiGraphicsComposition* boundsComposition);
 				~GuiGraphicsHost();
@@ -4865,10 +4803,6 @@ Host
 				/// <summary>Get the main <see cref="GuiWindowComposition"/>. If a window is associated, everything that put into the main composition will be shown in the window.</summary>
 				/// <returns>The main compositoin.</returns>
 				GuiGraphicsComposition*					GetMainComposition();
-				/// <summary>Render the main composition and all content to the associated window.</summary>
-				/// <param name="forceUpdate">Set to true to force updating layout and then render.</param>
-				/// <param name="forceUpdate">Set to true to force updating layout and then render.</param>
-				elements::RenderTargetFailure			Render(bool forceUpdate, bool handleFailure);
 				/// <summary>Request a rendering</summary>
 				void									RequestRender();
 				/// <summary>Invoke a specified function after rendering.</summary>
@@ -5031,6 +4965,7 @@ Flow Compositions
 				void								OnBoundsChanged(GuiGraphicsComposition* sender, GuiEventArgs& arguments);
 				void								OnChildInserted(GuiGraphicsComposition* child)override;
 				void								OnChildRemoved(GuiGraphicsComposition* child)override;
+				Size								GetMinPreferredClientSizeInternal(bool considerPreferredMinSize)override;
 			public:
 				GuiFlowComposition();
 				~GuiFlowComposition();
@@ -5080,7 +5015,6 @@ Flow Compositions
 				void								SetAlignment(FlowAlignment value);
 				
 				void								ForceCalculateSizeImmediately()override;
-				Size								GetMinPreferredClientSize()override;
 				Rect								GetBounds()override;
 			};
 			
@@ -5106,6 +5040,8 @@ Flow Compositions
 				double								percentage = 0.0;
 				/// <summary>The distance value.</summary>
 				vint								distance = 0;
+
+				bool operator==(const GuiFlowOption& value) const = default;
 			};
 			
 			/// <summary>
@@ -5702,6 +5638,7 @@ Stack Compositions
 				void								OnBoundsChanged(GuiGraphicsComposition* sender, GuiEventArgs& arguments);
 				void								OnChildInserted(GuiGraphicsComposition* child)override;
 				void								OnChildRemoved(GuiGraphicsComposition* child)override;
+				Size								GetMinPreferredClientSizeInternal(bool considerPreferredMinSize)override;
 			public:
 				GuiStackComposition();
 				~GuiStackComposition();
@@ -5729,7 +5666,6 @@ Stack Compositions
 				void								SetPadding(vint value);
 				
 				void								ForceCalculateSizeImmediately()override;
-				Size								GetMinPreferredClientSize()override;
 				Rect								GetBounds()override;
 				
 				/// <summary>Get the extra margin inside the stack composition.</summary>
@@ -5932,8 +5868,7 @@ Table Compositions
 				{
 				}
 
-				bool operator==(const GuiCellOption& value){return false;}
+				bool operator==(const GuiCellOption& value) const = default;
-				bool operator!=(const GuiCellOption& value){return true;}
 
 				/// <summary>Creates an absolute sizing option</summary>
 				/// <returns>The created option.</returns>
@@ -6025,6 +5960,7 @@ Table Compositions
 														);
 				
 				void								OnRenderContextChanged()override;
+				Size								GetMinPreferredClientSizeInternal(bool considerPreferredMinSize)override;
 			public:
 				GuiTableComposition();
 				~GuiTableComposition();
@@ -6085,7 +6021,6 @@ Table Compositions
 				void								UpdateCellBounds();
 				
 				void								ForceCalculateSizeImmediately()override;
-				Size								GetMinPreferredClientSize()override;
 				Rect								GetBounds()override;
 			};
 
@@ -6490,14 +6425,12 @@ Helpers
 					TVALUE							resource;\
 					vint							counter;\
 					bool operator==(const Package& package)const{return false;}\
-					bool operator!=(const Package& package)const{return true;}\
 				};\
 				struct DeadPackage\
 				{\
 					TKEY							key;\
 					TVALUE							value;\
 					bool operator==(const DeadPackage& package)const{return false;}\
-					bool operator!=(const DeadPackage& package)const{return true;}\
 				};\
 				Dictionary<TKEY, Package>			aliveResources;\
 				List<DeadPackage>					deadResources;\
@@ -7659,7 +7592,6 @@ Global String Key
 			vint									key = -1;
 
 		public:
-			inline vint Compare(GlobalStringKey value)const{ return key - value.key; }
 			GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(GlobalStringKey)
 
 			static GlobalStringKey					Get(const WString& string);
@@ -7817,8 +7749,7 @@ Resource Structure
 			GuiResourceLocation(const WString& _resourcePath, const WString& _filePath);
 			GuiResourceLocation(Ptr<GuiResourceNodeBase> node);
 
-			bool operator==(const GuiResourceLocation& b)const { return resourcePath == b.resourcePath && filePath == b.filePath; }
+			GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(GuiResourceLocation)
-			bool operator!=(const GuiResourceLocation& b)const { return !(*this == b); }
 		};
 
 		struct GuiResourceTextPos
@@ -7830,8 +7761,7 @@ Resource Structure
 			GuiResourceTextPos() = default;
 			GuiResourceTextPos(GuiResourceLocation location, glr::ParsingTextPos position);
 
-			bool operator==(const GuiResourceTextPos& b)const { return originalLocation == b.originalLocation && row == b.row && column == b.column; }
+			GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(GuiResourceTextPos)
-			bool operator!=(const GuiResourceTextPos& b)const { return !(*this == b); }
 		};
 
 		struct GuiResourceError
@@ -7848,8 +7778,7 @@ Resource Structure
 			GuiResourceError(GuiResourceLocation _location, const WString& _message);
 			GuiResourceError(GuiResourceLocation _location, GuiResourceTextPos _position, const WString& _message);
 
-			bool operator==(const GuiResourceError& b)const { return location == b.location && position == b.position && message == b.message; }
+			GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(GuiResourceError)
-			bool operator!=(const GuiResourceError& b)const { return !(*this == b); }
 
 			static void								Transform(GuiResourceLocation _location, GuiResourceError::List& errors, collections::List<glr::ParsingError>& parsingErrors);
 			static void								Transform(GuiResourceLocation _location, GuiResourceError::List& errors, collections::List<glr::ParsingError>& parsingErrors, glr::ParsingTextPos offset);
@@ -10533,15 +10462,7 @@ Rich Content Document (style)
 			static DocumentFontSize			Parse(const WString& value);
 			WString							ToString()const;
 
-			bool operator==(const DocumentFontSize& value)const
+			bool operator==(const DocumentFontSize& value) const = default;
-			{
-				return size == value.size && relative == value.relative;
-			}
-
-			bool operator!=(const DocumentFontSize& value)const
-			{
-				return size != value.size || relative != value.relative;
-			}
 		};
 
 		/// <summary>Represents a text style.</summary>
@@ -10922,8 +10843,7 @@ Elements
 				int						radiusX = 0;
 				int						radiusY = 0;
 
-				bool operator==(const ElementShape& value)const { return shapeType == value.shapeType && radiusX == value.radiusX && radiusY == value.radiusY; }
+				bool operator==(const ElementShape& value) const = default;
-				bool operator!=(const ElementShape& value)const { return !(*this == value); }
 			};
 
 			/// <summary>
@@ -11915,8 +11835,7 @@ Colorized Plain Text (model)
 					~TextLine();
 
 					static vint						CalculateBufferLength(vint dataLength);
-					bool							operator==(const TextLine& value)const{return false;}
+					bool							operator==(const TextLine& value) const { return false; }
-					bool							operator!=(const TextLine& value)const{return true;}
 
 					/// <summary>
 					/// Initialize the <see cref="TextLine"/> instance to be an empty line.
@@ -12266,13 +12185,6 @@ Colorized Plain Text (model)
 					/// </summary>
 					Color							background;
 
-					inline vint64_t Compare(const ColorItem& value)const
-					{
-						vint64_t result;
-						if ((result = text.Compare(value.text)) != 0) return result;
-						if ((result = background.Compare(value.background)) != 0) return result;
-						return 0;
-					}
 					GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(ColorItem)
 				};
 				
@@ -12294,14 +12206,6 @@ Colorized Plain Text (model)
 					/// </summary>
 					ColorItem						selectedUnfocused;
 
-					inline vint64_t Compare(const ColorEntry& value)const
-					{
-						vint64_t result;
-						if ((result = normal.Compare(value.normal)) != 0) return result;
-						if ((result = selectedFocused.Compare(value.selectedFocused)) != 0) return result;
-						if ((result = selectedUnfocused.Compare(value.selectedUnfocused)) != 0) return result;
-						return 0;
-					}
 					GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(ColorEntry)
 				};
 			}
@@ -14295,7 +14199,6 @@ TextItemProvider
 					~TextItem();
 
 					bool										operator==(const TextItem& value)const;
-					bool										operator!=(const TextItem& value)const;
 					
 					/// <summary>Get the text of this item.</summary>
 					/// <returns>The text of this item.</returns>
@@ -20551,13 +20454,6 @@ Ribbon Gallery List
 				{
 				}
 
-				inline vint Compare(const GalleryPos& value)const
-				{
-					vint result;
-					if ((result = group - value.group) != 0) return result;
-					if ((result = item - value.item) != 0) return result;
-					return 0;
-				}
 				GUI_DEFINE_COMPARE_OPERATORS(GalleryPos)
 			};
 
@@ -25058,6 +24954,7 @@ GuiHostedController
 		protected:
 			SharedCallbackService										callbackService;
 			hosted_window_manager::WindowManager<GuiHostedWindow*>*		wmManager = nullptr;
+			bool														windowsUpdatedInLastFrame = false;
 			INativeController*											nativeController = nullptr;
 			elements::GuiHostedGraphicsResourceManager*					hostedResourceManager = nullptr;
 			collections::SortedList<Ptr<GuiHostedWindow>>				createdWindows;

Import/GacUICompiler.cpp

@@ -2030,7 +2030,7 @@ GuiDefaultInstanceLoader
 					}
 					else
 					{
-						PropertyType value(GuiInstancePropertyInfo::Unsupported(), 0);
+						PropertyType value(GuiInstancePropertyInfo::Unsupported(), nullptr);
 						propertyTypes.Add(key, value);
 						return value;
 					}
@@ -2043,7 +2043,7 @@ GuiDefaultInstanceLoader
 
 			Ptr<GuiInstancePropertyInfo> GetPropertyType(GuiResourcePrecompileContext& precompileContext, const PropertyInfo& propertyInfo)override
 			{
-				return GetPropertyTypeCached(propertyInfo).f0;
+				return GetPropertyTypeCached(propertyInfo).get<0>();
 			}
 
 			//***********************************************************************************
@@ -2141,9 +2141,9 @@ GuiDefaultInstanceLoader
 				for (auto [prop, index] : indexed(arguments.Keys()))
 				{
 					PropertyType propertyType = GetPropertyTypeCached(PropertyInfo(typeInfo, prop));
-					if (propertyType.f1)
+					if (propertyType.get<1>())
 					{
-						switch (propertyType.f0->support)
+						switch (propertyType.get<0>()->support)
 						{
 						case GuiInstancePropertyInfo::SupportCollection:
 							{
@@ -5301,7 +5301,7 @@ GuiInstanceLocalizedStrings
 				textDesc->texts.Add(reading);
 			}
 
-			for (auto [i, index] : indexed(From(textDesc->positions).OrderBy([](vint a, vint b) {return a - b; })))
+			for (auto [i, index] : indexed(From(textDesc->positions).OrderBySelf()))
 			{
 				if (i != index)
 				{
@@ -9367,12 +9367,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 ***********************************************************************/
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::presentation::instancequery
 {
-	namespace presentation
-	{
-		namespace instancequery
-		{
 /***********************************************************************
 Visitor Pattern Implementation
 ***********************************************************************/
@@ -9391,15 +9387,9 @@ Visitor Pattern Implementation
 	{
 		visitor->Visit(this);
 	}
-		}
-	}
 }
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::reflection::description
 {
-	namespace reflection
-	{
-		namespace description
-		{
 #ifndef VCZH_DEBUG_NO_REFLECTION
 
 	IMPL_TYPE_INFO_RENAME(vl::presentation::instancequery::GuiIqQuery, presentation::instancequery::GuiIqQuery)
@@ -9512,8 +9502,6 @@ namespace vl
 #endif
 		return false;
 	}
-		}
-	}
 }
 
 
@@ -9527,12 +9515,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 ***********************************************************************/
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::presentation::instancequery
 {
-	namespace presentation
-	{
-		namespace instancequery
-		{
 	void GuiInstanceQueryParserData(vl::stream::IStream& outputStream)
 	{
 		static const vl::vint dataLength = 3046; // 28794 bytes before compressing
@@ -9631,23 +9615,26 @@ namespace vl
 	Parser::Parser()
 		: vl::glr::ParserBase<GuiInstanceQueryTokens, ParserStates, GuiInstanceQueryAstInsReceiver>(&GuiInstanceQueryTokenDeleter, &GuiInstanceQueryLexerData, &GuiInstanceQueryParserData)
 	{
-			};
+	}
+
+	vl::WString Parser::GetClassName(vl::vint32_t classIndex) const
+	{
+		return vl::WString::Unmanaged(GuiInstanceQueryTypeName((GuiInstanceQueryClasses)classIndex));
+	}
 
 	vl::vint32_t Parser::FindCommonBaseClass(vl::vint32_t class1, vl::vint32_t class2) const
 	{
 		return -1;
-			};
+	}
 
 	vl::Ptr<vl::presentation::instancequery::GuiIqQuery> Parser::ParseQueryRoot(const vl::WString& input, vl::vint codeIndex) const
 	{
 		 return ParseWithString<vl::presentation::instancequery::GuiIqQuery, ParserStates::QueryRoot>(input, this, codeIndex);
-			};
+	}
 
 	vl::Ptr<vl::presentation::instancequery::GuiIqQuery> Parser::ParseQueryRoot(vl::collections::List<vl::regex::RegexToken>& tokens, vl::vint codeIndex) const
 	{
 		 return ParseWithTokens<vl::presentation::instancequery::GuiIqQuery, ParserStates::QueryRoot>(tokens, this, codeIndex);
-			};
-		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -9662,12 +9649,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 ***********************************************************************/
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::presentation::instancequery
 {
-	namespace presentation
-	{
-		namespace instancequery
-		{
 
 /***********************************************************************
 GuiInstanceQueryAstInsReceiver : public vl::glr::AstInsReceiverBase
@@ -9808,8 +9791,6 @@ GuiInstanceQueryAstInsReceiver : public vl::glr::AstInsReceiverBase
 		auto cppTypeName = GuiInstanceQueryCppTypeName((GuiInstanceQueryClasses)type);
 		return vl::glr::AssemblyThrowTypeNotAllowAmbiguity(type, cppTypeName);
 	}
-		}
-	}
 }
 
 
@@ -9823,12 +9804,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 ***********************************************************************/
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::presentation::instancequery
 {
-	namespace presentation
-	{
-		namespace instancequery
-		{
 	bool GuiInstanceQueryTokenDeleter(vl::vint token)
 	{
 		switch((GuiInstanceQueryTokens)token)
@@ -9915,8 +9892,6 @@ namespace vl
 		};
 		vl::glr::DecompressSerializedData(compressed, true, dataSolidRows, dataRows, dataBlock, dataRemain, outputStream);
 	}
-		}
-	}
 }
 
 
@@ -10517,7 +10492,7 @@ Workflow_GenerateInstanceClass
 					auto expression = Workflow_ParseExpression(
 						precompileContext,
 						parameter->classPosition.originalLocation,
-						L"cast("+parameterTypeInfoTuple.f1+L") (null of object)",
+						L"cast("+parameterTypeInfoTuple.get<1>() + L") (null of object)",
 						parameter->classPosition,
 						errors,
 						{ 0,5 }
@@ -10642,9 +10617,9 @@ Workflow_GenerateInstanceClass
 			{
 				auto parameterTypeInfoTuple = getDefaultType(parameter->className.ToString());
 				vint errorCount = errors.Count();
-				auto type = Workflow_ParseType(precompileContext, { resolvingResult.resource }, parameterTypeInfoTuple.f1, parameter->classPosition, errors);
+				auto type = Workflow_ParseType(precompileContext, { resolvingResult.resource }, parameterTypeInfoTuple.get<1>(), parameter->classPosition, errors);
 
-				if (!needFunctionBody && !parameterTypeInfoTuple.f0 && errorCount == errors.Count())
+				if (!needFunctionBody && !parameterTypeInfoTuple.get<0>() && errorCount == errors.Count())
 				{
 					if (!type || type.Cast<WfReferenceType>() || type.Cast<WfChildType>() || type.Cast<WfTopQualifiedType>())
 					{
@@ -10660,7 +10635,7 @@ Workflow_GenerateInstanceClass
 
 						decl->name.value = L"<parameter>" + parameter->name.ToString();
 						decl->type = CopyType(type);
-						decl->expression = CreateDefaultValue(parameterTypeInfoTuple.f0.Obj());
+						decl->expression = CreateDefaultValue(parameterTypeInfoTuple.get<0>().Obj());
 
 						Workflow_RecordScriptPosition(precompileContext, parameter->tagPosition, (Ptr<WfDeclaration>)decl);
 					}

Import/GacUICompiler.h

@@ -264,12 +264,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 #define VCZH_PRESENTATION_INSTANCEQUERY_AST_AST
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::presentation::instancequery
 {
-	namespace presentation
-	{
-		namespace instancequery
-		{
 	class GuiIqCascadeQuery;
 	class GuiIqPrimaryQuery;
 	class GuiIqQuery;
@@ -344,15 +340,9 @@ namespace vl
 
 		void Accept(GuiIqQuery::IVisitor* visitor) override;
 	};
-		}
-	}
 }
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::reflection::description
 {
-	namespace reflection
-	{
-		namespace description
-		{
 #ifndef VCZH_DEBUG_NO_REFLECTION
 	DECL_TYPE_INFO(vl::presentation::instancequery::GuiIqQuery)
 	DECL_TYPE_INFO(vl::presentation::instancequery::GuiIqQuery::IVisitor)
@@ -388,8 +378,6 @@ namespace vl
 	/// <summary>Load all reflectable AST types, only available when <b>VCZH_DEBUG_NO_REFLECTION</b> is off.</summary>
 	/// <returns>Returns true if this operation succeeded.</returns>
 	extern bool GuiInstanceQueryAstLoadTypes();
-		}
-	}
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -874,12 +862,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 #define VCZH_PRESENTATION_INSTANCEQUERY_AST_ASSEMBLER
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::presentation::instancequery
 {
-	namespace presentation
-	{
-		namespace instancequery
-		{
 	enum class GuiInstanceQueryClasses : vl::vint32_t
 	{
 		CascadeQuery = 0,
@@ -917,8 +901,6 @@ namespace vl
 		void SetField(vl::glr::ParsingAstBase* object, vl::vint32_t field, vl::vint32_t enumItem, bool weakAssignment) override;
 		vl::Ptr<vl::glr::ParsingAstBase> ResolveAmbiguity(vl::vint32_t type, vl::collections::Array<vl::Ptr<vl::glr::ParsingAstBase>>& candidates) override;
 	};
-		}
-	}
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -935,12 +917,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 #define VCZH_PRESENTATION_INSTANCEQUERY_LEXER
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::presentation::instancequery
 {
-	namespace presentation
-	{
-		namespace instancequery
-		{
 	enum class GuiInstanceQueryTokens : vl::vint32_t
 	{
 		INDIRECT = 0,
@@ -964,8 +942,6 @@ namespace vl
 	extern const wchar_t* GuiInstanceQueryTokenDisplayText(GuiInstanceQueryTokens token);
 	extern const wchar_t* GuiInstanceQueryTokenRegex(GuiInstanceQueryTokens token);
 	extern void GuiInstanceQueryLexerData(vl::stream::IStream& outputStream);
-		}
-	}
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -982,12 +958,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 #define VCZH_PRESENTATION_INSTANCEQUERY_PARSER_SYNTAX
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::presentation::instancequery
 {
-	namespace presentation
-	{
-		namespace instancequery
-		{
 	enum class ParserStates
 	{
 		QPrimaryFragment = 0,
@@ -1008,6 +980,7 @@ namespace vl
 		, protected vl::glr::automaton::IExecutor::ITypeCallback
 	{
 	protected:
+		vl::WString GetClassName(vl::vint32_t classIndex) const override;
 		vl::vint32_t FindCommonBaseClass(vl::vint32_t class1, vl::vint32_t class2) const override;
 	public:
 		Parser();
@@ -1015,8 +988,6 @@ namespace vl
 		vl::Ptr<vl::presentation::instancequery::GuiIqQuery> ParseQueryRoot(const vl::WString& input, vl::vint codeIndex = -1) const;
 		vl::Ptr<vl::presentation::instancequery::GuiIqQuery> ParseQueryRoot(vl::collections::List<vl::regex::RegexToken>& tokens, vl::vint codeIndex = -1) const;
 	};
-		}
-	}
 }
 #endif
 

Import/GacUIReflection.cpp

@@ -3453,6 +3453,8 @@ Type Declaration
 				ENUM_CLASS_ITEM(RenderTargetChanged)
 				ENUM_CLASS_ITEM(ParentLineChanged)
 				ENUM_CLASS_ITEM(ServiceAdded)
+				ENUM_CLASS_ITEM(UpdateRequested)
+				ENUM_CLASS_ITEM(UpdateFullfilled)
 			END_ENUM_ITEM(ControlSignal)
 
 			BEGIN_CLASS_MEMBER(GuiControlSignalEventArgs)

Import/VlppOS.Windows.cpp

@@ -406,9 +406,6 @@ Utilities
 			, length(_length)
 		{
 		}
-
-		bool operator==(const BufferPair& pair) { return false; }
-		bool operator!=(const BufferPair& pair) { return true; }
 	};
 
 	bool HttpQuery(const HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response)

Import/VlppOS.cpp

@@ -62,11 +62,6 @@ FilePath
 		{
 		}
 
-		vint FilePath::Compare(const FilePath& a, const FilePath& b)
-		{
-			return (vint)WString::Compare(a.fullPath, b.fullPath);
-		}
-
 		FilePath FilePath::operator/(const WString& relativePath)const
 		{
 			if (IsRoot())
@@ -449,10 +444,6 @@ Locale
 	{
 	}
 
-	Locale::~Locale()
-	{
-	}
-
 	const WString& Locale::GetName()const
 	{
 		return localeName;

Import/VlppOS.h

@@ -175,15 +175,18 @@ namespace vl
 		/// In Windows, the specified locale need to be installed in order to take effect.
 		/// In Linux and macOS, only en-US is supported.
 		/// </remarks>
-		Locale(const WString& _localeName=WString::Empty);
+		Locale() = default;
-		~Locale();
+		Locale(const Locale&) = default;
+		Locale(Locale&&) = default;
+		~Locale() = default;
 
-		bool operator==(const Locale& value)const { return localeName==value.localeName; }
+		Locale& operator=(const Locale&) = default;
-		bool operator!=(const Locale& value)const { return localeName!=value.localeName; }
+		Locale& operator=(Locale&&) = default;
-		bool operator<(const Locale& value)const { return localeName<value.localeName; }
+
-		bool operator<=(const Locale& value)const { return localeName<=value.localeName; }
+		Locale(const WString& _localeName);
-		bool operator>(const Locale& value)const { return localeName>value.localeName; }
+
-		bool operator>=(const Locale& value)const { return localeName>=value.localeName; }
+		std::strong_ordering		operator<=>(const Locale& locale)const { return localeName <=> locale.localeName; }
+		bool						operator==(const Locale& locale)const { return localeName == locale.localeName; }
 
 		/// <summary>Get the invariant locale. An invariant locale is neutral, it is not awared of any language specified thing.</summary>
 		/// <returns>The invariant locale.</returns>
@@ -1918,13 +1921,8 @@ namespace vl
 			FilePath(const FilePath& _filePath);
 			~FilePath() = default;
 
-			static vint					Compare(const FilePath& a, const FilePath& b);
+			std::strong_ordering		operator<=>(const FilePath& path)const { return fullPath <=> path.fullPath; }
-			bool						operator==(const FilePath& filePath)const{ return Compare(*this, filePath) == 0; }
+			bool						operator==(const FilePath& path)const { return fullPath == path.fullPath; }
-			bool						operator!=(const FilePath& filePath)const{ return Compare(*this, filePath) != 0; }
-			bool						operator< (const FilePath& filePath)const{ return Compare(*this, filePath) <  0; }
-			bool						operator<=(const FilePath& filePath)const{ return Compare(*this, filePath) <= 0; }
-			bool						operator> (const FilePath& filePath)const{ return Compare(*this, filePath) >  0; }
-			bool						operator>=(const FilePath& filePath)const{ return Compare(*this, filePath) >= 0; }
 
 			/// <summary>Concat an absolute path and a relative path.</summary>
 			/// <returns>The result absolute path.</returns>

Import/VlppParser.cpp

@@ -3740,7 +3740,7 @@ GenerateTable
 										i1 > i2 ? ParsingTable::TransitionItem::WrongOrder :
 										ParsingTable::TransitionItem::SameOrder
 										;
-									return ParsingTable::TransitionItem::Compare(t1, t2, defaultOrder);
+									return ParsingTable::TransitionItem::Compare(t1, t2, defaultOrder) <=> 0;
 								}));
 
 							// build look ahead inside a transition
@@ -4225,38 +4225,44 @@ IsMergableCandidate
 RearrangeState
 ***********************************************************************/
 
-#define COMPARE_SYMBOL(S1, S2)\
+			std::strong_ordering CompareParsingSymbol(ParsingSymbol* s1, ParsingSymbol* s2)
-			if (S1 && S2)\
-			{\
-				if (S1->GetType() < S2->GetType()) return -1;\
-				if (S1->GetType() > S2->GetType()) return 1;\
-				if (S1->GetName() < S2->GetName()) return -1;\
-				if (S1->GetName() > S2->GetName()) return 1;\
-			}\
-			else if (S1)\
-			{\
-				return 1;\
-			}\
-			else if (S2)\
-			{\
-				return -1;\
-			}\
-
-			vint CompareTransitionForRearranging(Transition* t1, Transition* t2)
 			{
-				if (t1->transitionType < t2->transitionType) return -1;
+				if (s1 && s2)
-				if (t1->transitionType > t2->transitionType) return 1;
+				{
-				COMPARE_SYMBOL(t1->transitionSymbol, t2->transitionSymbol);
+					std::strong_ordering
-				return 0;
+						result = s1->GetType() <=> s2->GetType(); if (result != 0) return result;
+					result = s1->GetName() <=> s2->GetName(); if (result != 0) return result;
+					return result;
+				}
+				else if (s1)
+				{
+					return std::strong_ordering::greater;
+				}
+				else if (s2)
+				{
+					return std::strong_ordering::less;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					return std::strong_ordering::equal;
+				}
 			}
 
-			vint CompareActionForRearranging(Ptr<Action> a1, Ptr<Action> a2)
+			std::strong_ordering CompareTransitionForRearranging(Transition* t1, Transition* t2)
 			{
-				if(a1->actionType<a2->actionType) return -1;
+				std::strong_ordering
-				if(a1->actionType>a2->actionType) return 1;
+				result = t1->transitionType <=> t2->transitionType; if (result != 0) return result;
-				COMPARE_SYMBOL(a1->actionSource, a2->actionSource);
+				result = CompareParsingSymbol(t1->transitionSymbol, t2->transitionSymbol); if (result != 0) return result;
-				COMPARE_SYMBOL(a1->actionTarget, a2->actionTarget);
+				return result;
-				return 0;
+			}
+
+			std::strong_ordering CompareActionForRearranging(Ptr<Action> a1, Ptr<Action> a2)
+			{
+				std::strong_ordering
+				result = a1->actionType <=> a2->actionType; if (result != 0) return result;
+				result = CompareParsingSymbol(a1->actionSource, a2->actionSource); if (result != 0) return result;
+				result = CompareParsingSymbol(a1->actionTarget, a2->actionTarget); if (result != 0) return result;
+				return result;
 			}
 
 #undef COMPARE_SYMBOL
@@ -8540,10 +8546,6 @@ namespace vl
 
 	namespace parsing
 	{
-		vint CompareTextRange(Ptr<ParsingTreeNode> r1, Ptr<ParsingTreeNode> r2)
-		{
-			return ParsingTextPos::Compare(r1->GetCodeRange().start, r2->GetCodeRange().start);
-		}
 
 /***********************************************************************
 ParsingTreeNode::TraversalVisitor
@@ -8719,7 +8721,7 @@ ParsingTreeNode
 							const auto& range = node->GetCodeRange();
 							return !range.start.IsInvalid() && !range.end.IsInvalid();
 						})
-						.OrderBy(&CompareTextRange)
+						.OrderByKey([](auto&& node) { return node->GetCodeRange().start; })
 					);
 			}
 		}

Import/VlppParser.h

@@ -74,47 +74,45 @@ Location
 				return index < 0 && row < 0 && column < 0;
 			}
 
-			static vint Compare(const ParsingTextPos& a, const ParsingTextPos& b)
+			friend std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const ParsingTextPos& a, const ParsingTextPos& b)
 			{
 				if (a.IsInvalid() && b.IsInvalid())
 				{
-					return 0;
+					return std::strong_ordering::equal;
 				}
 				else if (a.IsInvalid())
 				{
-					return -1;
+					return std::strong_ordering::less;
 				}
 				else if (b.IsInvalid())
 				{
-					return 1;
+					return std::strong_ordering::greater;
 				}
 				else if (a.index >= 0 && b.index >= 0)
 				{
-					return a.index - b.index;
+					return a.index <=> b.index;
 				}
 				else if (a.row >= 0 && a.column >= 0 && b.row >= 0 && b.column >= 0)
 				{
 					if (a.row == b.row)
 					{
-						return a.column - b.column;
+						return a.column <=> b.column;
 					}
 					else
 					{
-						return a.row - b.row;
+						return a.row <=> b.row;
 					}
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					return 0;
+					return std::strong_ordering::equal;
 				}
 			}
 
-			bool operator==(const ParsingTextPos& pos)const{return Compare(*this, pos)==0;}
+			friend bool operator==(const ParsingTextPos& a, const ParsingTextPos& b)
-			bool operator!=(const ParsingTextPos& pos)const{return Compare(*this, pos)!=0;}
+			{
-			bool operator<(const ParsingTextPos& pos)const{return Compare(*this, pos)<0;}
+				return (a <=> b) == 0;
-			bool operator<=(const ParsingTextPos& pos)const{return Compare(*this, pos)<=0;}
+			}
-			bool operator>(const ParsingTextPos& pos)const{return Compare(*this, pos)>0;}
-			bool operator>=(const ParsingTextPos& pos)const{return Compare(*this, pos)>=0;}
 		};
 
 		/// <summary>A type representing text range.</summary>
@@ -1124,21 +1122,18 @@ DefinitionTypeScopePair
 				{
 				}
 
-				vint Compare(const DefinitionTypeScopePair& pair)const
+				std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const DefinitionTypeScopePair& pair)const
 				{
-					if(type<pair.type) return -1;
+					std::strong_ordering
-					if(type>pair.type) return 1;
+					result = type <=> pair.type; if (result != 0) return result;
-					if(scope<pair.scope) return -1;
+					result = scope <=> pair.scope; if (result != 0) return result;
-					if(scope>pair.scope) return 1;
+					return result;
-					return 0;
 				}
 
-				bool operator==	(const DefinitionTypeScopePair& pair)const	{return Compare(pair)==0;}
+				bool operator==(const DefinitionTypeScopePair& pair)const
-				bool operator!=	(const DefinitionTypeScopePair& pair)const	{return Compare(pair)!=0;}
+				{
-				bool operator>	(const DefinitionTypeScopePair& pair)const	{return Compare(pair)>0;}
+					return (*this <=> pair) == 0;
-				bool operator>=	(const DefinitionTypeScopePair& pair)const	{return Compare(pair)>=0;}
+				}
-				bool operator<	(const DefinitionTypeScopePair& pair)const	{return Compare(pair)<0;}
-				bool operator<=	(const DefinitionTypeScopePair& pair)const	{return Compare(pair)<=0;}
 			};
 
 /***********************************************************************

Import/VlppReflection.cpp

@@ -2350,140 +2350,6 @@ description::Value
 			{
 			}
 
-			vint Value::Compare(const Value& a, const Value& b)const
-			{
-				switch (a.GetValueType())
-				{
-				case Value::RawPtr:
-				case Value::SharedPtr:
-					switch (b.GetValueType())
-					{
-					case Value::RawPtr:
-					case Value::SharedPtr:
-						{
-							auto pa = a.GetRawPtr();
-							auto pb = b.GetRawPtr();
-							if (pa < pb) return -1;
-							if (pa > pb) return 1;
-							return 0;
-						}
-					case Value::BoxedValue:
-						return -1;
-					default:
-						return 1;
-					}
-				case Value::BoxedValue:
-					switch (b.GetValueType())
-					{
-					case Value::RawPtr:
-					case Value::SharedPtr:
-						return 1;
-					case Value::BoxedValue:
-						{
-#ifdef VCZH_DESCRIPTABLEOBJECT_WITH_METADATA
-							auto aSt = a.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetSerializableType();
-							auto bSt = b.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetSerializableType();
-							if (aSt)
-							{
-								if (bSt)
-								{
-									auto aSt = a.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetSerializableType();
-									auto bSt = b.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetSerializableType();
-
-									WString aText;
-									WString bText;
-									aSt->Serialize(a, aText);
-									bSt->Serialize(b, bText);
-									if (aText < bText) return -1;
-									if (aText > bText) return 1;
-									return 0;
-								}
-								else
-								{
-									return 1;
-								}
-							}
-							else
-							{
-								if (bSt)
-								{
-									return -1;
-								}
-								else
-								{
-									if (a.GetTypeDescriptor() != b.GetTypeDescriptor())
-									{
-										auto aText = a.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetTypeName();
-										auto bText = b.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetTypeName();
-										if (aText < bText) return -1;
-										if (aText > bText) return 1;
-										return 0;
-									}
-
-									switch (a.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetTypeDescriptorFlags())
-									{
-									case TypeDescriptorFlags::Struct:
-										{
-											auto td = a.GetTypeDescriptor();
-											vint count = td->GetPropertyCount();
-											for (vint i = 0; i < count; i++)
-											{
-												auto prop = td->GetProperty(i);
-												auto ap = prop->GetValue(a);
-												auto bp = prop->GetValue(b);
-												vint result = Compare(ap, bp);
-												if (result != 0)
-												{
-													return result;
-												}
-											}
-										}
-										return 0;
-									case TypeDescriptorFlags::FlagEnum:
-									case TypeDescriptorFlags::NormalEnum:
-										{
-											auto ai = a.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetEnumType()->FromEnum(a);
-											auto bi = a.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetEnumType()->FromEnum(b);
-											if (ai < bi) return -1;
-											if (ai > bi) return 1;
-											return 0;
-										}
-									default:
-										return 0;
-									}
-								}
-							}
-#else
-								auto pa = a.GetBoxedValue();
-								auto pb = b.GetBoxedValue();
-								switch (pa->ComparePrimitive(pb))
-								{
-								case IBoxedValue::Smaller: return -1;
-								case IBoxedValue::Greater: return 1;
-								case IBoxedValue::Equal: return 0;
-								default:;
-								}
-								if (pa.Obj() < pb.Obj()) return -1;
-								if (pa.Obj() > pb.Obj()) return 1;
-								return 0;
-#endif
-						}
-					default:
-						return 1;
-					}
-				default:
-					switch (b.GetValueType())
-					{
-					case Value::RawPtr:
-					case Value::SharedPtr:
-					case Value::BoxedValue:
-						return -1;
-					default:
-						return 0;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
 			Value::Value()
 				:valueType(Null)
 				,rawPtr(0)
@@ -2516,6 +2382,126 @@ description::Value
 				return *this;
 			}
 
+			std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const Value& a, const Value& b)
+			{
+				switch (a.GetValueType())
+				{
+				case Value::RawPtr:
+				case Value::SharedPtr:
+					switch (b.GetValueType())
+					{
+					case Value::RawPtr:
+					case Value::SharedPtr:
+						{
+							auto pa = a.GetRawPtr();
+							auto pb = b.GetRawPtr();
+							return pa <=> pb;
+						}
+					case Value::BoxedValue:
+						return std::strong_ordering::less;
+					default:
+						return std::strong_ordering::greater;
+					}
+				case Value::BoxedValue:
+					switch (b.GetValueType())
+					{
+					case Value::RawPtr:
+					case Value::SharedPtr:
+						return std::strong_ordering::greater;
+					case Value::BoxedValue:
+						{
+#ifdef VCZH_DESCRIPTABLEOBJECT_WITH_METADATA
+							auto aSt = a.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetSerializableType();
+							auto bSt = b.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetSerializableType();
+							if (aSt)
+							{
+								if (bSt)
+								{
+									auto aSt = a.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetSerializableType();
+									auto bSt = b.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetSerializableType();
+
+									WString aText;
+									WString bText;
+									aSt->Serialize(a, aText);
+									bSt->Serialize(b, bText);
+									return aText <=> bText;
+								}
+								else
+								{
+									return std::strong_ordering::greater;
+								}
+							}
+							else
+							{
+								if (bSt)
+								{
+									return std::strong_ordering::less;
+								}
+								else
+								{
+									if (a.GetTypeDescriptor() != b.GetTypeDescriptor())
+									{
+										auto aText = a.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetTypeName();
+										auto bText = b.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetTypeName();
+										return aText <=> bText;
+									}
+
+									switch (a.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetTypeDescriptorFlags())
+									{
+									case TypeDescriptorFlags::Struct:
+										{
+											auto td = a.GetTypeDescriptor();
+											vint count = td->GetPropertyCount();
+											for (vint i = 0; i < count; i++)
+											{
+												auto prop = td->GetProperty(i);
+												auto ap = prop->GetValue(a);
+												auto bp = prop->GetValue(b);
+												return ap <=> bp;
+											}
+										}
+										return std::strong_ordering::equal;
+									case TypeDescriptorFlags::FlagEnum:
+									case TypeDescriptorFlags::NormalEnum:
+										{
+											auto ai = a.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetEnumType()->FromEnum(a);
+											auto bi = a.GetTypeDescriptor()->GetEnumType()->FromEnum(b);
+											return ai <=> bi;
+										}
+									default:
+										return std::strong_ordering::equal;
+									}
+								}
+							}
+#else
+								auto pa = a.GetBoxedValue();
+								auto pb = b.GetBoxedValue();
+								switch (pa->ComparePrimitive(pb))
+								{
+								case IBoxedValue::Smaller: return std::strong_ordering::less;
+								case IBoxedValue::Greater: return std::strong_ordering::greater;
+								case IBoxedValue::Equal: return std::strong_ordering::equal;
+								default:;
+								}
+								return pa.Obj() <=> pb.Obj();
+#endif
+						}
+					default:
+						return std::strong_ordering::greater;
+					}
+				default:
+					switch (b.GetValueType())
+					{
+					case Value::RawPtr:
+					case Value::SharedPtr:
+					case Value::BoxedValue:
+						return std::strong_ordering::less;
+					default:
+						return std::strong_ordering::equal;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
 			Value::ValueType Value::GetValueType()const
 			{
 				return valueType;

Import/VlppReflection.h

@@ -827,19 +827,14 @@ Value
 				Value(DescriptableObject* value);
 				Value(Ptr<DescriptableObject> value);
 				Value(Ptr<IBoxedValue> value, ITypeDescriptor* associatedTypeDescriptor);
-
-				vint							Compare(const Value& a, const Value& b)const;
 			public:
 				/// <summary>Create a null value.</summary>
 				Value();
 				Value(const Value& value);
 				Value&							operator=(const Value& value);
-				bool							operator==(const Value& value)const { return Compare(*this, value) == 0; }
+
-				bool							operator!=(const Value& value)const { return Compare(*this, value) != 0; }
+				friend std::strong_ordering		operator<=>(const Value& a, const Value& b);
-				bool							operator<(const Value& value)const { return Compare(*this, value)<0; }
+				friend bool						operator==(const Value& a, const Value& b) { return (a <=> b) == 0; }
-				bool							operator<=(const Value& value)const { return Compare(*this, value) <= 0; }
-				bool							operator>(const Value& value)const { return Compare(*this, value)>0; }
-				bool							operator>=(const Value& value)const { return Compare(*this, value) >= 0; }
 
 				/// <summary>Find out how the value is stored.</summary>
 				/// <returns>Returns How the value is stored.</returns>

Import/VlppRegex.cpp

@@ -1622,11 +1622,6 @@ Data Structures for Backtracking
 			StateSaver(const StateSaver&) = default;
 			StateSaver& operator=(const StateSaver&) = default;
 
-			bool operator==(const StateSaver& saver)const
-			{
-				CHECK_FAIL(L"This function is only created to satisfy List<T>.");
-			}
-
 			void RestoreReaderTo(StateSaver<TChar>& saver)
 			{
 				saver.reader = reader;
@@ -1653,11 +1648,6 @@ Data Structures for Backtracking
 			ExtensionSaver(const ExtensionSaver&) = default;
 			ExtensionSaver& operator=(const ExtensionSaver&) = default;
 
-			bool operator==(const ExtensionSaver& saver)const
-			{
-				CHECK_FAIL(L"This function is only created to satisfy List<T>.");
-			}
-
 			void RestoreReaderTo(StateSaver<TChar>& saver)
 			{
 				saver.reader = reader;
@@ -1717,14 +1707,6 @@ Data Structures for Backtracking
 
 	namespace regex_internal
 	{
-/***********************************************************************
-CaptureRecord
-***********************************************************************/
-
-		bool CaptureRecord::operator==(const CaptureRecord& record)const
-		{
-			return capture == record.capture && start == record.start && length == record.length;
-		}
 
 /***********************************************************************
 RichInterpretor

Import/VlppRegex.h

@@ -1375,65 +1375,29 @@ CharRange
 			CharRange() = default;
 			CharRange(char32_t _begin, char32_t _end) : begin(_begin), end(_end) {}
 
-			bool operator<(CharRange item) const
+			std::partial_ordering operator<=>(const CharRange& cr)const
 			{
-				return end < item.begin;
+				if (end < cr.begin) return std::partial_ordering::less;
+				if (cr.end < begin) return std::partial_ordering::greater;
+				return *this == cr ? std::partial_ordering::equivalent : std::partial_ordering::unordered;
 			}
 
-			bool operator<=(CharRange item) const
+			bool operator==(const CharRange& cr)const
 			{
-				return *this < item || *this == item;
+				return begin == cr.begin && end == cr.end;
 			}
 
-			bool operator>(CharRange item) const
+			std::strong_ordering operator<=>(char32_t item)const
 			{
-				return item.end < begin;
+				if (end < item) return std::strong_ordering::less;
+				if (begin > item) return std::strong_ordering::greater;
+				return std::strong_ordering::equal;
 			}
 
-			bool operator>=(CharRange item) const
+			bool operator==(char32_t item)const
-			{
-				return *this > item || *this == item;
-			}
-
-			bool operator==(CharRange item) const
-			{
-				return begin == item.begin && end == item.end;
-			}
-
-			bool operator!=(CharRange item) const
-			{
-				return begin != item.begin || item.end != end;
-			}
-
-			bool operator<(char32_t item) const
-			{
-				return end < item;
-			}
-
-			bool operator<=(char32_t item) const
-			{
-				return begin <= item;
-			}
-
-			bool operator>(char32_t item) const
-			{
-				return item < begin;
-			}
-
-			bool operator>=(char32_t item) const
-			{
-				return item <= end;
-			}
-
-			bool operator==(char32_t item) const
 			{
 				return begin <= item && item <= end;
 			}
-
-			bool operator!=(char32_t item) const
-			{
-				return item < begin || end < item;
-			}
 		};
 	}
 }
@@ -2092,8 +2056,6 @@ namespace vl
 			vint									capture;
 			vint									start;
 			vint									length;
-
-			bool									operator==(const CaptureRecord& record)const;
 		};
 	}
 

Import/VlppWorkflowCompiler.cpp

@@ -2587,18 +2587,16 @@ CheckScopes_SymbolType
 			{
 				vint errorCount = manager->errors.Count();
 				for (auto scope : From(manager->nodeScopes)
+					.Select([](auto&& pair) -> Pair<glr::ParsingAstBase*, Ptr<WfLexicalScope>> { return pair; })
 					.OrderBy([](auto&& a, auto&& b)
 					{
 						auto rangeA = a.key->codeRange;
 						auto rangeB = b.key->codeRange;
-						if (rangeA.codeIndex != rangeB.codeIndex)
+
-						{
+						std::strong_ordering
-							return rangeA.codeIndex - rangeB.codeIndex;
+						result = rangeA.codeIndex <=> rangeB.codeIndex; if (result != 0) return result;
-						}
+						result = rangeA.start <=> rangeB.start; if (result != 0) return result;
-						else
+						return result;
-						{
-							return glr::ParsingTextPos::Compare(rangeA.start, rangeB.start);
-						}
 					})
 					.Select([](auto&& pair) { return pair.value; })
 					)
@@ -3641,7 +3639,7 @@ namespace vl
 				WString description;
 				for (auto friendlyName : From(items)
 					.Select(f)
-					.OrderBy([](auto&& a, auto&& b) { return WString::Compare(a, b); })
+					.OrderBySelf()
 					)
 				{
 					description += L"\r\n\t";
@@ -7454,9 +7452,9 @@ ExpandNewCoroutineExpression
 				/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 				for (auto symbol : From(referenceRenaming.Keys())
-					.OrderBy([&](WfLexicalSymbol* a, WfLexicalSymbol* b)
+					.OrderByKey([&](WfLexicalSymbol* a)
 					{
-						return WString::Compare(referenceRenaming[a], referenceRenaming[b]);
+						return referenceRenaming[a];
 					}))
 				{
 					auto varDecl = Ptr(new WfVariableDeclaration);
@@ -7688,9 +7686,9 @@ ExpandNewCoroutineExpression
 										{
 											return node->exceptionDestination;
 										})
-										.OrderBy([&](const GroupPair& p1, const GroupPair& p2)
+										.OrderByKey([&](const GroupPair& p)
 										{
-											return nodeOrders.IndexOf(p1.key) - nodeOrders.IndexOf(p2.key);
+											return nodeOrders.IndexOf(p.key);
 										});
 
 									for (auto group : nodeByCatches)
@@ -7708,9 +7706,9 @@ ExpandNewCoroutineExpression
 												{
 													conditionRanges.Add({ state,state });
 												}
-												else if (conditionRanges[conditionRanges.Count() - 1].f1 == state - 1)
+												else if (conditionRanges[conditionRanges.Count() - 1].get<1>() == state - 1)
 												{
-													conditionRanges[conditionRanges.Count() - 1].f1 = state;
+													conditionRanges[conditionRanges.Count() - 1].get<1>() = state;
 												}
 												else
 												{
@@ -7723,13 +7721,13 @@ ExpandNewCoroutineExpression
 												auto range = conditionRanges[i];
 
 												Ptr<WfExpression> singleCondition;
-												if (range.f0 == range.f1)
+												if (range.get<0>() == range.get<1>())
 												{
 													auto refState = Ptr(new WfReferenceExpression);
 													refState->name.value = L"<co-state-before-pause>";
 
 													auto intState = Ptr(new WfIntegerExpression);
-													intState->value.value = itow(range.f0);
+													intState->value.value = itow(range.get<0>());
 
 													auto compExpr = Ptr(new WfBinaryExpression);
 													compExpr->op = WfBinaryOperator::EQ;
@@ -7744,10 +7742,10 @@ ExpandNewCoroutineExpression
 													refState->name.value = L"<co-state-before-pause>";
 
 													auto intState1 = Ptr(new WfIntegerExpression);
-													intState1->value.value = itow(range.f0);
+													intState1->value.value = itow(range.get<0>());
 
 													auto intState2 = Ptr(new WfIntegerExpression);
-													intState2->value.value = itow(range.f1);
+													intState2->value.value = itow(range.get<1>());
 
 													auto rangeExpr = Ptr(new WfRangeExpression);
 													rangeExpr->begin = intState1;
@@ -7855,9 +7853,9 @@ ExpandNewCoroutineExpression
 								{
 									return node->exceptionDestination;
 								})
-								.OrderBy([&](const GroupPair& p1, const GroupPair& p2)
+								.OrderByKey([&](const GroupPair& p)
 								{
-									return nodeOrders.IndexOf(p1.key) - nodeOrders.IndexOf(p2.key);
+									return nodeOrders.IndexOf(p.key);
 								});
 
 							for (auto group : nodeByCatches)
@@ -12328,7 +12326,7 @@ ValidateSemantic(Expression)
 							{
 								vint aId = wtoi(a->name.Sub(1, a->name.Length() - 1));
 								vint bId = wtoi(b->name.Sub(1, a->name.Length() - 1));
-								return aId - bId;
+								return aId <=> bId;
 							})
 						);
 					Ptr<ITypeInfo> resultType = expectedType;
@@ -17297,7 +17295,7 @@ WfCppConfig::Collect
 
 								SortLambda<ITypeDescriptor*>(&tds[0], tds.Count(), [](ITypeDescriptor* a, ITypeDescriptor* b)
 								{
-									return WString::Compare(a->GetTypeName(), b->GetTypeName());
+									return a->GetTypeName() <=> b->GetTypeName();
 								});
 								manager->errors.Add(WfErrors::CppUnableToDecideClassOrder(tdDecls[tds[0]].Cast<WfClassDeclaration>().Obj(), tds));
 							}
@@ -17389,7 +17387,7 @@ WfCppConfig::Collect
 
 								SortLambda<ITypeDescriptor*>(&tds[0], tds.Count(), [](ITypeDescriptor* a, ITypeDescriptor* b)
 								{
-									return WString::Compare(a->GetTypeName(), b->GetTypeName());
+									return a->GetTypeName() <=> b->GetTypeName();
 								});
 								manager->errors.Add(WfErrors::CppUnableToSeparateCustomFile(tdDecls[tds[0]].Cast<WfClassDeclaration>().Obj(), tds));
 							}
@@ -17435,7 +17433,7 @@ WfCppConfig::Collect
 										vint indexB = From(nodeB.firstSubClassItem, nodeB.firstSubClassItem + nodeB.subClassItemCount)
 											.Select([&](vint index) {return globalDep.topLevelClasses[index]; })
 											.Min();
-										return indexA - indexB;
+										return indexA <=> indexB;
 									});
 								}
 							};
@@ -17648,7 +17646,7 @@ WfCppConfig::Collect
 						{
 							vint aIndex = ordered.IndexOf(a.Obj());
 							vint bIndex = ordered.IndexOf(b.Obj());
-							return aIndex - bIndex;
+							return aIndex <=> bIndex;
 						});
 					}
 
@@ -17659,7 +17657,7 @@ WfCppConfig::Collect
 						{
 							vint aIndex = ordered.IndexOf(a.Obj());
 							vint bIndex = ordered.IndexOf(b.Obj());
-							return aIndex - bIndex;
+							return aIndex <=> bIndex;
 						});
 					}
 				}
@@ -22144,7 +22142,7 @@ namespace vl
 						{
 							return scope->symbols.GetByIndex(index)[0]->name;
 						})
-						.OrderBy((vint64_t(*)(const WString&, const WString&))&WString::Compare)
+						.OrderBySelf()
 					);
 
 				return WriteFunctionHeader(writer, typeInfo, arguments, name, writeReturnType);
@@ -22809,9 +22807,9 @@ namespace vl
 				CopyFrom(
 					tds,
 					From(config->manager->declarationTypes.Values())
-						.OrderBy([](Ptr<ITypeDescriptor> a, Ptr<ITypeDescriptor> b)
+						.OrderByKey([](auto&& a)
 						{
-							return WString::Compare(a->GetTypeName(), b->GetTypeName());
+							return a->GetTypeName();
 						})
 						.Select([](Ptr<ITypeDescriptor> td)
 						{
@@ -23369,7 +23367,7 @@ namespace vl
 				{
 					writer.WriteString(prefix);
 					writer.WriteString(L"inline bool operator");
-					writer.WriteString(op.f0);
+					writer.WriteString(op.get<0>());
 					writer.WriteString(L" (const ");
 					writer.WriteString(name);
 					writer.WriteString(L"& a, const ");
@@ -23387,12 +23385,12 @@ namespace vl
 						writer.WriteString(L" != b.");
 						writer.WriteString(ConvertName(member->name.value));
 						writer.WriteString(L") return ");
-						writer.WriteString(op.f1);
+						writer.WriteString(op.get<1>());
 						writer.WriteLine(L";");
 					}
 					writer.WriteString(prefix);
 					writer.WriteString(L"\treturn ");
-					writer.WriteString(op.f2);
+					writer.WriteString(op.get<2>());
 					writer.WriteLine(L";");
 
 					writer.WriteString(prefix);
@@ -24902,7 +24900,7 @@ GenerateInstructions(Closure)
 						{
 							vint aId = wtoi(a->name.Sub(1, a->name.Length() - 1));
 							vint bId = wtoi(b->name.Sub(1, a->name.Length() - 1));
-							return aId - bId;
+							return aId <=> bId;
 						})
 					);
 
@@ -28955,10 +28953,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 ***********************************************************************/
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
 /***********************************************************************
 Visitor Pattern Implementation
 ***********************************************************************/
@@ -29402,14 +29398,9 @@ Visitor Pattern Implementation
 	{
 		visitor->Visit(this);
 	}
-	}
 }
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::reflection::description
 {
-	namespace reflection
-	{
-		namespace description
-		{
 #ifndef VCZH_DEBUG_NO_REFLECTION
 
 	IMPL_TYPE_INFO_RENAME(vl::workflow::WfType, system::workflow::WfType)
@@ -30958,8 +30949,6 @@ namespace vl
 #endif
 		return false;
 	}
-		}
-	}
 }
 
 
@@ -30973,12 +30962,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 ***********************************************************************/
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow::builder
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
-		namespace builder
-		{
 
 /***********************************************************************
 MakeAttachEventExpression
@@ -32809,8 +32794,6 @@ MakeWhileStatement
 		node->statement = value;
 		return *this;
 	}
-		}
-	}
 }
 
 
@@ -32824,12 +32807,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 ***********************************************************************/
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow::copy_visitor
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
-		namespace copy_visitor
-		{
 	void AstVisitor::CopyFields(WfAttachEventExpression* from, WfAttachEventExpression* to)
 	{
 		CopyFields(static_cast<WfExpression*>(from), static_cast<WfExpression*>(to));
@@ -35075,8 +35054,6 @@ namespace vl
 		return CopyNode(static_cast<WfStatement*>(node)).Cast<WfWhileStatement>();
 	}
 
-		}
-	}
 }
 
 
@@ -35090,12 +35067,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 ***********************************************************************/
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow::empty_visitor
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
-		namespace empty_visitor
-		{
 
 /***********************************************************************
 TypeVisitor
@@ -35527,8 +35500,6 @@ ModuleUsingFragmentVisitor
 	void ModuleUsingFragmentVisitor::Visit(WfModuleUsingWildCardFragment* node)
 	{
 	}
-		}
-	}
 }
 
 
@@ -35542,12 +35513,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 ***********************************************************************/
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow::json_visitor
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
-		namespace json_visitor
-		{
 	void AstVisitor::PrintFields(WfAttachEventExpression* node)
 	{
 		BeginField(L"event");
@@ -38558,8 +38525,6 @@ namespace vl
 		EndObject();
 	}
 
-		}
-	}
 }
 
 
@@ -38573,12 +38538,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 ***********************************************************************/
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow::traverse_visitor
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
-		namespace traverse_visitor
-		{
 	void AstVisitor::Traverse(vl::glr::ParsingToken& token) {}
 	void AstVisitor::Traverse(vl::glr::ParsingAstBase* node) {}
 	void AstVisitor::Traverse(WfAttachEventExpression* node) {}
@@ -40289,8 +40250,6 @@ namespace vl
 		Finishing(static_cast<vl::glr::ParsingAstBase*>(node));
 	}
 
-		}
-	}
 }
 
 
@@ -40304,10 +40263,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 ***********************************************************************/
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
 	void WorkflowParserData(vl::stream::IStream& outputStream)
 	{
 		static const vl::vint dataLength = 184886; // 3421018 bytes before compressing
@@ -41949,72 +41906,76 @@ namespace vl
 	Parser::Parser()
 		: vl::glr::ParserBase<WorkflowTokens, ParserStates, WorkflowAstInsReceiver>(&WorkflowTokenDeleter, &WorkflowLexerData, &WorkflowParserData)
 	{
-		};
+	}
+
+	vl::WString Parser::GetClassName(vl::vint32_t classIndex) const
+	{
+		return vl::WString::Unmanaged(WorkflowTypeName((WorkflowClasses)classIndex));
+	}
 
 	vl::vint32_t Parser::FindCommonBaseClass(vl::vint32_t class1, vl::vint32_t class2) const
 	{
 		return -1;
-		};
+	}
 
 	vl::Ptr<vl::workflow::WfType> Parser::Parse_Type(const vl::WString& input, vl::vint codeIndex) const
 	{
 		 return ParseWithString<vl::workflow::WfType, ParserStates::_Type>(input, this, codeIndex);
-		};
+	}
 
 	vl::Ptr<vl::workflow::WfType> Parser::Parse_Type(vl::collections::List<vl::regex::RegexToken>& tokens, vl::vint codeIndex) const
 	{
 		 return ParseWithTokens<vl::workflow::WfType, ParserStates::_Type>(tokens, this, codeIndex);
-		};
+	}
 
 	vl::Ptr<vl::workflow::WfExpression> Parser::Parse_Expression(const vl::WString& input, vl::vint codeIndex) const
 	{
 		 return ParseWithString<vl::workflow::WfExpression, ParserStates::_Expression>(input, this, codeIndex);
-		};
+	}
 
 	vl::Ptr<vl::workflow::WfExpression> Parser::Parse_Expression(vl::collections::List<vl::regex::RegexToken>& tokens, vl::vint codeIndex) const
 	{
 		 return ParseWithTokens<vl::workflow::WfExpression, ParserStates::_Expression>(tokens, this, codeIndex);
-		};
+	}
 
 	vl::Ptr<vl::workflow::WfCoProviderStatement> Parser::Parse_CoProvider(const vl::WString& input, vl::vint codeIndex) const
 	{
 		 return ParseWithString<vl::workflow::WfCoProviderStatement, ParserStates::_CoProvider>(input, this, codeIndex);
-		};
+	}
 
 	vl::Ptr<vl::workflow::WfCoProviderStatement> Parser::Parse_CoProvider(vl::collections::List<vl::regex::RegexToken>& tokens, vl::vint codeIndex) const
 	{
 		 return ParseWithTokens<vl::workflow::WfCoProviderStatement, ParserStates::_CoProvider>(tokens, this, codeIndex);
-		};
+	}
 
 	vl::Ptr<vl::workflow::WfStatement> Parser::Parse_Statement(const vl::WString& input, vl::vint codeIndex) const
 	{
 		 return ParseWithString<vl::workflow::WfStatement, ParserStates::_Statement>(input, this, codeIndex);
-		};
+	}
 
 	vl::Ptr<vl::workflow::WfStatement> Parser::Parse_Statement(vl::collections::List<vl::regex::RegexToken>& tokens, vl::vint codeIndex) const
 	{
 		 return ParseWithTokens<vl::workflow::WfStatement, ParserStates::_Statement>(tokens, this, codeIndex);
-		};
+	}
 
 	vl::Ptr<vl::workflow::WfDeclaration> Parser::Parse_Declaration(const vl::WString& input, vl::vint codeIndex) const
 	{
 		 return ParseWithString<vl::workflow::WfDeclaration, ParserStates::_Declaration>(input, this, codeIndex);
-		};
+	}
 
 	vl::Ptr<vl::workflow::WfDeclaration> Parser::Parse_Declaration(vl::collections::List<vl::regex::RegexToken>& tokens, vl::vint codeIndex) const
 	{
 		 return ParseWithTokens<vl::workflow::WfDeclaration, ParserStates::_Declaration>(tokens, this, codeIndex);
-		};
+	}
 
 	vl::Ptr<vl::workflow::WfModule> Parser::Parse_Module(const vl::WString& input, vl::vint codeIndex) const
 	{
 		 return ParseWithString<vl::workflow::WfModule, ParserStates::_Module>(input, this, codeIndex);
-		};
+	}
 
 	vl::Ptr<vl::workflow::WfModule> Parser::Parse_Module(vl::collections::List<vl::regex::RegexToken>& tokens, vl::vint codeIndex) const
 	{
 		 return ParseWithTokens<vl::workflow::WfModule, ParserStates::_Module>(tokens, this, codeIndex);
-		};
 	}
 }
 
@@ -42029,10 +41990,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 ***********************************************************************/
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
 
 /***********************************************************************
 WorkflowAstInsReceiver : public vl::glr::AstInsReceiverBase
@@ -43315,7 +43274,6 @@ WorkflowAstInsReceiver : public vl::glr::AstInsReceiverBase
 		auto cppTypeName = WorkflowCppTypeName((WorkflowClasses)type);
 		return vl::glr::AssemblyThrowTypeNotAllowAmbiguity(type, cppTypeName);
 	}
-	}
 }
 
 
@@ -43329,10 +43287,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 ***********************************************************************/
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
 	bool WorkflowTokenDeleter(vl::vint token)
 	{
 		switch((WorkflowTokens)token)
@@ -43746,6 +43702,5 @@ namespace vl
 		};
 		vl::glr::DecompressSerializedData(compressed, true, dataSolidRows, dataRows, dataBlock, dataRemain, outputStream);
 	}
-	}
 }
 

Import/VlppWorkflowCompiler.h

@@ -68,10 +68,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 #define VCZH_WORKFLOW_PARSER_AST_AST
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
 	class WfAttachEventExpression;
 	class WfAttribute;
 	class WfAutoPropertyDeclaration;
@@ -1462,14 +1460,9 @@ namespace vl
 		vl::collections::List<vl::Ptr<WfModuleUsingPath>> paths;
 		vl::collections::List<vl::Ptr<WfDeclaration>> declarations;
 	};
-	}
 }
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::reflection::description
 {
-	namespace reflection
-	{
-		namespace description
-		{
 #ifndef VCZH_DEBUG_NO_REFLECTION
 	DECL_TYPE_INFO(vl::workflow::WfType)
 	DECL_TYPE_INFO(vl::workflow::WfType::IVisitor)
@@ -2098,8 +2091,6 @@ namespace vl
 	/// <summary>Load all reflectable AST types, only available when <b>VCZH_DEBUG_NO_REFLECTION</b> is off.</summary>
 	/// <returns>Returns true if this operation succeeded.</returns>
 	extern bool WorkflowAstLoadTypes();
-		}
-	}
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -2116,12 +2107,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 #define VCZH_WORKFLOW_PARSER_AST_AST_BUILDER
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow::builder
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
-		namespace builder
-		{
 	class MakeAttachEventExpression : public vl::glr::ParsingAstBuilder<WfAttachEventExpression>
 	{
 	public:
@@ -2856,8 +2843,6 @@ namespace vl
 		MakeWhileStatement& statement(const vl::Ptr<WfStatement>& value);
 	};
 
-		}
-	}
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -2874,12 +2859,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 #define VCZH_WORKFLOW_PARSER_AST_AST_COPY_VISITOR
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow::copy_visitor
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
-		namespace copy_visitor
-		{
 	/// <summary>A copy visitor, overriding all abstract methods with AST copying code.</summary>
 	class AstVisitor
 		: public virtual vl::glr::CopyVisitorBase
@@ -3237,8 +3218,6 @@ namespace vl
 		vl::Ptr<WfVirtualCseStatement> CopyNode(WfVirtualCseStatement* node);
 		vl::Ptr<WfWhileStatement> CopyNode(WfWhileStatement* node);
 	};
-		}
-	}
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -3255,12 +3234,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 #define VCZH_WORKFLOW_PARSER_AST_AST_EMPTY_VISITOR
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow::empty_visitor
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
-		namespace empty_visitor
-		{
 	/// <summary>An empty visitor, overriding all abstract methods with empty implementations.</summary>
 	class TypeVisitor : public vl::Object, public WfType::IVisitor
 	{
@@ -3476,8 +3451,6 @@ namespace vl
 		void Visit(WfModuleUsingWildCardFragment* node) override;
 	};
 
-		}
-	}
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -3494,12 +3467,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 #define VCZH_WORKFLOW_PARSER_AST_AST_JSON_VISITOR
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow::json_visitor
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
-		namespace json_visitor
-		{
 	/// <summary>A JSON visitor, overriding all abstract methods with AST to JSON serialization code.</summary>
 	class AstVisitor
 		: public vl::glr::JsonVisitorBase
@@ -3753,8 +3722,6 @@ namespace vl
 		void Print(WfModuleUsingPath* node);
 		void Print(WfModule* node);
 	};
-		}
-	}
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -3771,12 +3738,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 #define VCZH_WORKFLOW_PARSER_AST_AST_TRAVERSE_VISITOR
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow::traverse_visitor
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
-		namespace traverse_visitor
-		{
 	/// <summary>A traverse visitor, overriding all abstract methods with AST visiting code.</summary>
 	class AstVisitor
 		: public vl::Object
@@ -4142,8 +4105,6 @@ namespace vl
 		void InspectInto(WfModuleUsingPath* node);
 		void InspectInto(WfModule* node);
 	};
-		}
-	}
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -4160,10 +4121,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 #define VCZH_WORKFLOW_PARSER_AST_ASSEMBLER
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
 	enum class WorkflowClasses : vl::vint32_t
 	{
 		AttachEventExpression = 0,
@@ -4492,7 +4451,6 @@ namespace vl
 		void SetField(vl::glr::ParsingAstBase* object, vl::vint32_t field, vl::vint32_t enumItem, bool weakAssignment) override;
 		vl::Ptr<vl::glr::ParsingAstBase> ResolveAmbiguity(vl::vint32_t type, vl::collections::Array<vl::Ptr<vl::glr::ParsingAstBase>>& candidates) override;
 	};
-	}
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -4509,10 +4467,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 #define VCZH_WORKFLOW_PARSER_LEXER
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
 	enum class WorkflowTokens : vl::vint32_t
 	{
 		EXP = 0,
@@ -4638,7 +4594,6 @@ namespace vl
 	extern const wchar_t* WorkflowTokenDisplayText(WorkflowTokens token);
 	extern const wchar_t* WorkflowTokenRegex(WorkflowTokens token);
 	extern void WorkflowLexerData(vl::stream::IStream& outputStream);
-	}
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -4655,10 +4610,8 @@ Licensed under https://github.com/vczh-libraries/License
 #define VCZH_WORKFLOW_PARSER_PARSER_SYNTAX
 
 
-namespace vl
+namespace vl::workflow
 {
-	namespace workflow
-	{
 	enum class ParserStates
 	{
 		_Type = 0,
@@ -4743,6 +4696,7 @@ namespace vl
 		, protected vl::glr::automaton::IExecutor::ITypeCallback
 	{
 	protected:
+		vl::WString GetClassName(vl::vint32_t classIndex) const override;
 		vl::vint32_t FindCommonBaseClass(vl::vint32_t class1, vl::vint32_t class2) const override;
 	public:
 		Parser();
@@ -4760,7 +4714,6 @@ namespace vl
 		vl::Ptr<vl::workflow::WfModule> Parse_Module(const vl::WString& input, vl::vint codeIndex = -1) const;
 		vl::Ptr<vl::workflow::WfModule> Parse_Module(vl::collections::List<vl::regex::RegexToken>& tokens, vl::vint codeIndex = -1) const;
 	};
-	}
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -5828,7 +5781,7 @@ namespace vl
 					{
 						auto tdA = manager->declarationTypes[a.Obj()].Obj();
 						auto tdB = manager->declarationTypes[b.Obj()].Obj();
-						return WString::Compare(tdA->GetTypeName(), tdB->GetTypeName());
+						return tdA->GetTypeName() <=> tdB->GetTypeName();
 					});
 				}
 

Import/VlppWorkflowRuntime.cpp

@@ -2826,9 +2826,9 @@ WfDebugger BreakPoints
 						PropertyKey key1(breakPoint.thisObject, breakPoint.propertyInfo);
 						MethodKey key2(breakPoint.thisObject, breakPoint.propertyInfo->GetGetter());
 						TEST(true, key1, getPropertyBreakPoints);
-						TEST(key2.f1, key2, invokeMethodBreakPoints);
+						TEST(key2.get<1>(), key2, invokeMethodBreakPoints);
 						SET(key1, getPropertyBreakPoints);
-						SETC(key2.f1, key2, invokeMethodBreakPoints);
+						SETC(key2.get<1>(), key2, invokeMethodBreakPoints);
 					}
 					break;
 				case WfBreakPoint::SetProperty:
@@ -2836,9 +2836,9 @@ WfDebugger BreakPoints
 						PropertyKey key1(breakPoint.thisObject, breakPoint.propertyInfo);
 						MethodKey key2(breakPoint.thisObject, breakPoint.propertyInfo->GetSetter());
 						TEST(true, key1, setPropertyBreakPoints);
-						TEST(key2.f1, key2, invokeMethodBreakPoints);
+						TEST(key2.get<1>(), key2, invokeMethodBreakPoints);
 						SET(key1, setPropertyBreakPoints);
-						SETC(key2.f1, key2, invokeMethodBreakPoints);
+						SETC(key2.get<1>(), key2, invokeMethodBreakPoints);
 					}
 					break;
 				case WfBreakPoint::AttachEvent:

Tools/Executables/CodePack/Codepack_Combine.cpp

@@ -29,11 +29,9 @@ void CollectConditions(
 	vint index = conditions.Keys().IndexOf(file);
 	if (index != -1)
 	{
-		const auto& tuples = conditions.GetByIndex(index);
+		for (auto [condition, path] : conditions.GetByIndex(index))
-		for (vint i = 0; i < tuples.Count(); i++)
 		{
-			auto condition = tuples[i].f0;
+			auto includeFile = inputFileToOutputFiles[path];
-			auto includeFile = inputFileToOutputFiles[tuples[i].f1];
 			if (!categorizedConditions.Contains(condition, includeFile))
 			{
 				categorizedConditions.Add(condition, includeFile);

Tools/Executables/CodePack/Main.cpp

@@ -40,15 +40,15 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 		CopyFrom(
 			categorizedOutput,
 			XmlGetElements(XmlGetElement(config->rootElement, L"output"), L"codepair")
-				.Select([&](Ptr<XmlElement> e)->Pair<WString, Tuple<WString, bool>>
+				.Select([&](Ptr<XmlElement> e)
 				{
-					return {
+					return Pair(
 						XmlGetAttribute(e, L"category")->value.value,
-						{
+						Tuple(
 							XmlGetAttribute(e, L"filename")->value.value,
 							XmlGetAttribute(e, L"generate")->value.value == L"true"
-						}
+						)
-					};
+					);
 				})
 		);
 	}
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 	Dictionary<WString, FilePath> skippedImportFiles;				// file name -> file path
 	for (vint i = 0; i < categorizedOutput.Count(); i++)
 	{
-		if (!categorizedOutput.Values()[i].f1)
+		if (!categorizedOutput.Values()[i].get<1>())
 		{
 			auto category = categorizedOutput.Keys()[i];
 			for (auto skippedImportFile : categorizedHeaderFiles[category])
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 		{
 			auto key = inputFileToCategories.Keys()[i];
 			auto value = inputFileToCategories.Values()[i];
-			inputFileToOutputFiles.Add(key, categorizedOutput[value].f0);
+			inputFileToOutputFiles.Add(key, categorizedOutput[value].get<0>());
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 				})
 				.Select([&](vint nodeIndex)
 				{
-					return categorizedOutput[componentToCategoryNames[popCategories.nodes[nodeIndex].component][0]].f0 + L".h";
+					return categorizedOutput[componentToCategoryNames[popCategories.nodes[nodeIndex].component][0]].get<0>() + L".h";
 				})
 			);
 	}
@@ -243,13 +243,13 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 	for (vint i = 0; i < popCategories.components.Count(); i++)
 	{
 		auto categoryName = componentToCategoryNames[i][0];
-		auto outputPath = outputFolder / (categorizedOutput[categoryName].f0 + L".h");
+		auto outputPath = outputFolder / (categorizedOutput[categoryName].get<0>() + L".h");
-		auto outputIncludeOnlyPath = outputIncludeOnlyFolder / (categorizedOutput[categoryName].f0 + L".h");
+		auto outputIncludeOnlyPath = outputIncludeOnlyFolder / (categorizedOutput[categoryName].get<0>() + L".h");
 
 		auto systemIncludes = Ptr(new SortedList<WString>);
 		categorizedSystemIncludes.Add(categoryName, systemIncludes);
 
-		if (categorizedOutput[categoryName].f1)
+		if (categorizedOutput[categoryName].get<1>())
 		{
 			vint headerIndex = categorizedHeaderFiles.Keys().IndexOf(categoryName);
 			if (headerIndex == -1) continue;
@@ -272,13 +272,13 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 	for (vint i = 0; i < popCategories.components.Count(); i++)
 	{
 		auto categoryName = componentToCategoryNames[i][0];
-		if (categorizedOutput[categoryName].f1)
+		if (categorizedOutput[categoryName].get<1>())
 		{
-			WString outputHeader[] = { categorizedOutput[categoryName].f0 + L".h" };
+			WString outputHeader[] = { categorizedOutput[categoryName].get<0>() + L".h"};
 			vint headerIndex = categorizedHeaderFiles.Keys().IndexOf(categoryName);
 
-			auto outputPath = outputFolder / (categorizedOutput[categoryName].f0 + L".cpp");
+			auto outputPath = outputFolder / (categorizedOutput[categoryName].get<0>() + L".cpp");
-			auto outputIncludeOnlyPath = outputIncludeOnlyFolder / (categorizedOutput[categoryName].f0 + L".cpp");
+			auto outputIncludeOnlyPath = outputIncludeOnlyFolder / (categorizedOutput[categoryName].get<0>() + L".cpp");
 			Combine(
 				inputFileToOutputFiles,
 				skippedImportFiles,

Tools/Executables/GlrParserGen/Main.cpp

@@ -321,39 +321,6 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 		syntaxManager.BuildAutomaton(lexerManager.Tokens().Count(), executable, metadata);
 		EXIT_IF_COMPILE_FAIL(global);
 
-		for (auto elementExport : XmlGetElements(elementSyntax, L"Export"))
-		{
-			WString rule;
-			READ_ATTRIBUTE(rule, elementExport, L"rule", L"/Parser/Syntax@file[@name=\"" + name + L"\"]/Export@rule");
-
-			vint index = syntaxManager.Rules().Keys().IndexOf(rule);
-			if (index == -1)
-			{
-				EXIT_ERROR(L"Rule \"" + rule + L"\" is not defined in the syntax.");
-			}
-
-			auto ruleSymbol = syntaxManager.Rules().Values()[index];
-			syntaxManager.parsableRules.Add(ruleSymbol);
-
-			if (auto attType = XmlGetAttribute(elementExport, L"type"))
-			{
-				syntaxManager.ruleTypes.Add(ruleSymbol, attType->value.value);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				auto classSymbol = ruleSymbol->ruleType;
-				auto classFile = classSymbol->Owner();
-				auto type =
-					From(classFile->cppNss)
-						.Reverse()
-						.Aggregate(
-							classFile->classPrefix + classSymbol->Name(),
-							[](auto&& a, auto&& b) { return b + L"::" + a; }
-					);
-				syntaxManager.ruleTypes.Add(ruleSymbol, type);
-			}
-		}
-
 		GenerateSyntaxFileNames(syntaxManager, output);
 		WriteSyntaxFiles(syntaxManager, executable, metadata, output, files);
 	}