From 1d31fac25d009f5873acc6c28bed604e46388813 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: patacongo Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 22:52:57 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Prep for 0.4.9 git-svn-id: svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/nuttx/code/trunk@1969 42af7a65-404d-4744-a932-0658087f49c3 --- Documentation/NuttX.html | 126 ++++---- Documentation/NuttXNxFlat.html | 549 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 604 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-) create mode 100644 Documentation/NuttXNxFlat.html diff --git a/Documentation/NuttX.html b/Documentation/NuttX.html index 0dfc4d0e0ae..36eba419bad 100644 --- a/Documentation/NuttX.html +++ b/Documentation/NuttX.html @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@

NuttX RTOS

-

Last Updated: June 25, 2009

+

Last Updated: June 26, 2009

@@ -411,6 +411,15 @@
  • ROMFS filesystem support.

    • + +
    + +

    +

  • NXFLAT. + A new binary format call NXFLAT that can be used to + execute separately linked programs in place in a file system. +

    + @@ -687,8 +696,8 @@ -

    nuttx-0.4.8. - This 40th release of NuttX (nuttx-0.4.8) was made on June 13, 2009 +

    nuttx-0.4.9. + This 41st release of NuttX (nuttx-0.4.9) was made on June 26, 2009 and is available for download from the SourceForge website. @@ -698,21 +707,16 @@

    This release adds:

    @@ -1418,57 +1422,7 @@ Other memory: 
      
-nuttx-0.4.8 2009-06-13 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
-
-	* lib/lib_*stream.c: Extend internal stream logic to support incoming streams.
-	* arch/arm/src/str71x: Serial output is now correct and timer interrupts are
-	  working.  The test at configs/olimex-strp711/ostest passes.  This means that
-	  the basic STR-P711 port is complete.
-	* configs/olimex-strp711/nsh:  Add and verifed a NuttShell (NSH) configuration
-	  for the STR-P711.
-	* arch/arm/str71x/str71x_serial.c:  The STR711 interrupt driven serial driver
-	  finally works after some extradinary measures to handle missed interrupts.
-	  NSH is fully functional on the Olimex STR-P711 board.
-	* example/nsh: Moved architecture specific files from NSH directory to board-
-	  specific directories.
-	* config/olimex-strp711/src/up_nsh.c:  Add an NSH board specific directory for
-	  for the Olimex STR7P11 board.
-	* Fixed build of LM3X6918 using the CodeSourcery Windows native toolchain.  There
-	  were lots of issues with Cygwin paths and Cygwin symbolic links.  These changes
-	  may work with the devarmKIT as well, but that remains untested.
-	* The NXP LPC2148 and STR711 targets can now also be built using the CodeSourcery
-	  or devkitARM Windows native toolchains.
-
-pascal-0.1.2 2008-02-10 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
-
-	* Add logic to build and link with the ZDS-II toolchain
-	  use with the z16f.
-	* Make sure that POFF header structures are aligned
-	* Standardized POFF file format to big-endian
-	* Break up large switch statements to lower complexity
-	  and eliminate a compiler bug
-	* Changes so that runtime compiles with SDCC.
-
-buildroot-0.1.6 2009-xx-xx <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
-
-	* Added config/arm7tdmi-defconfig-4.2.4
-	* Added config/arm920t-defconfig-4.3.3
-	* Correct error in arm-defconfig gcc-3.4.6 build. The gcc-3.4.6 configuration
-	  does not not take --with-abi
-	* Correct error in gcc-3.4.6/gcc/collect.c.  Calls open with O_CREAT but
-	  does not specify mode.  Newer host compilers can error out on this.
-
    - - - - - -
    - Unreleased Changes -
    - -
      
-nuttx-0.4.9 2009-xx-xx Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
+nuttx-0.4.9 2009-06-26 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
 
 	* Add strtoll() and strtoull(); Add macros for atol() and atoll().
 	* dup() and dup2() will now clone socket descriptors
@@ -1494,9 +1448,17 @@ nuttx-0.4.9 2009-xx-xx Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
 	  This file has been around for a long time, but I don't think it has
 	  every been used before (i.e., prior to the NXFLAT logic)
 
-pascal-0.1.3 2009-xx-xx Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
+pascal-0.1.2 2008-02-10 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
 
-buildroot-0.1.7 2009-xx-xx <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
+	* Add logic to build and link with the ZDS-II toolchain
+	  use with the z16f.
+	* Make sure that POFF header structures are aligned
+	* Standardized POFF file format to big-endian
+	* Break up large switch statements to lower complexity
+	  and eliminate a compiler bug
+	* Changes so that runtime compiles with SDCC.
+
+buildroot-0.1.7 2009-06-26 <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
 
 	* configs/avr-defconfig-4.3.3: Added support for AVR to support a NuttX
 	  port of the ATmega128.
@@ -1504,6 +1466,24 @@ buildroot-0.1.7 2009-xx-xx <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
 	* toolchain/genromfs:  Added support for the genromfs tool
    + + + + +
    + Unreleased Changes +
    + +
      
+nuttx-0.4.10 2009-xx-xx Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
+
+nuttx-0.4.10 2009-xx-xx Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
+
+pascal-0.1.3 2009-xx-xx Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
+
+buildroot-0.1.8 2009-xx-xx <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
+
    + + + + + diff --git a/Documentation/NuttXNxFlat.html b/Documentation/NuttXNxFlat.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..289c8a35c16 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/NuttXNxFlat.html @@ -0,0 +1,549 @@ + + +NXFLAT + + + +
    +
    @@ -1539,6 +1519,10 @@ buildroot-0.1.7 2009-xx-xx <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr> NuttShell (NSH)
    NXFLAT Binary Format
    NX Graphics Subsystem
    + + + +
    +

    NXFLAT

    +

    >>> Under Construction <<<

    +

    Last Updated: June 26, 2009

    +
    +
    + + + + +
    +

    Table of Contents

    +
    + +
    + + + +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + 1.0 Overview +

    		+ 1.1 Functionality +

    		+ 1.2 Background +

    		+ 1.3 Limitations +

    		+ 1.4 Supported Processors +

    		+ 1.5 Development Status +
    + 2.0 NXFLAT Toolchain +

    		+ 1.2 Building the NXFLAT Toolchain +

    		+ 1.2 mknxflat +

    		+ 1.3 ldnxflat +

    		+ 1.4 Making an NXFLAT module +
    + Appendix A. No GOT Operation +
    + Appendix B. PIC Text Workaround +
    +
    + + + + + +
    +

    1.0 Overview

     +
    f + +

    1.1 Functionality

     + +

    + NXFLAT is a customized and simplified version of binary format implemented a few years ago called + XFLAT + With the NXFLAT binary format you will be able to do the following: +

    + +

    + This allows you to extend the NuttX base code after it has been written into FLASH. + One motivation for implementing NXFLAT is support clean CGI under an HTTPD server. +

    +

    + This feature is especially attractive when combined with the NuttX ROMFS support: + ROMFS allows you to execute programs in place (XIP) in flash without copying anything + other than the .data section to RAM. + In fact, the initial NXFLAT release will work only on ROMFS. +

    +

    + This NuttX feature includes: +

    + + +

    1.2 Background

     + +

    + NXFLAT is derived from XFLAT. + XFLAT is a toolchain add that provides full shared library and XIP executable + support for processors that have no Memory Management Unit (MMU). + NXFLAT is greatly simplified for the deeply embedded environment targeted by Nuttx: +

    + +

    + Rather, the NXFLAT module only imports symbol values. + In the NXFLAT model, the (PIC1) NXFLAT module resides in a FLASH file system and + when it is loaded at run time, it is dynamically linked only to the (non-PIC) base NuttX + code: + The base NuttX exports a symbol table; the NXFLAT module imports those symbol value + to dynamically bind the module to the base code. +

    +

    1"Position Independent Code"

    + +

    1.3 Limitations

     + + + + + +

    1.4 Supported Processors

     + +

    + As mentioned above, the NXFLAT toolchain is only available for ARM and + Cortex-M3 (thumb2) targets. + Furthermore, NXFLAT has only been tested on the Eagle-100 LMS6918 Cortex-M3 board. +

    + +

    1.5 Development Status

     + +

    + The initial release of NXFLAT was made in NuttX version 0.4.9. + Testing is limited to the tests found under examples/nxflat in the source tree. + Some known problems exist + (see the TODO list). + As such, NXFLAT is currently in an early alpha phase. +

    + + + + + +
    +

    2.0 NXFLAT Toolchain

     +
    + +

    1.2 Building the NXFLAT Toolchain

     + +

    + In order to use NXFLAT, you must use special NXFLAT tools to create the binary module in FLASH. + To do this, you will need to download the buildroot package and build it on your Linux or Cygwin machine. + The buildroot can be downloaded from + Sourceforge. + You will need version 0.1.7 or later. +

    +

    + Here are some general build instructions: +

    + + +

    1.2 mknxflat

     + +

    + mknxflat is used to build a thunk file. + See below for usage. + +

      +Usage: mknxflat [options] <bfd-filename>
+
+Where options are one or more of the following.  Note
+that a space is always required between the option and
+any following arguments.
+
+  -d Use dynamic symbol table. [symtab]
+  -f <cmd-filename>
+      Take next commands from <cmd-filename> [cmd-line]
+  -o <out-filename>
+     Output to  [stdout]
+  -v Verbose output [no output]
+  -w Import weakly declared functions, i.e., weakly
+     declared functions are expected to be provided at
+     load-time [not imported]
+
    + +

    1.3 ldnxflat

     + +

    + ldnxflat is use to link your object files along with the thunk file + generated by mknxflat to produce the NXFLAT binary module. + See below for usage. +

    + +
      +Usage: ldnxflat [options] <bfd-filename>
+
+Where options are one or more of the following.  Note
+that a space is always required between the option and
+any following arguments.
+
+  -d Use dynamic symbol table [Default: symtab]
+  -e <entry-point>
+     Entry point to module [Default: _start]
+  -o <out-filename>
+     Output to <out-filename> [Default: <bfd-filename>.nxf]
+  -s <stack-size>
+     Set stack size to <stack-size> [Default: 4096]
+  -v Verbose output. If -v is applied twice, additional
+     debug output is enabled [Default: no verbose output].
+
    + +

    1.4 Making an NXFLAT module

     + +

    + Below is a snippet from an NXFLAT make file (simplified from NuttX + + Hello, World! example. +

    +

      + +
        + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
        Target 1hello.r1:hello.o


        		abc-elf-ld -r -d -warn-common -o $@ $^
        Target 2hello-thunk.S:hello.r1


        		mknxflat -o $@ $^
        Target 3hello.r2:hello-thunk.S


        		 + abc-elf-ld -r -d -warn-common -T binfmt/libnxflat/gnu-nxflat.ld -no-check-sections -o $@ hello.o hello-thunk.o +
        Target 4hello:hello.r2


        		ldnxflat -e main -s 2048 -o $@ $^
      + +

      Target 1. + This target links all of the object files together into one relocation object. + In this case, there is only a single object file, hello.o, and it is linked to produce hello.r1. +

      + +

      Target 2. + Given hello.r1, this target will invoke mknxflat + to make the thunk file, hello-thunk.S. + This thunk contains all of the information needed to create the imported function list. +

      + +

      Target 3 + This this target is similar to Target 1. + In this case, it will link together the object file, hello.o along with the assembled thunk file, + hello-thunk.o to create another, single relocatable object, hello.r2. + The linker script, gnu-nxflat.ld is required at this point to correctly position the sections. +

      + +

      Target 4. + Finally, this target will use the hello.r2 relocatable object to create the final, NXFLAT module + hello by calling ldnxflat. +

      + + + + + +
      +

      Appendix A. No GOT Operation

       +
      + +

      + When GCC generate position independent code, new code sections will appear in your programs. + One of these the the GOT (Global Offset Table) and, in ELF environments, the PLT (Procedure + Lookup Table. + For example, if your C code generated (ARM) assembly language like this without PIC: +

      +

        +        ldr     r1, .L0         <-- Fetch the offset to 'x'
+        ldr     r0, [r10, r1]   <-- Load the value of 'x' with PIC
+                                offset
+        ...
+.L0:    .word   x               <-- Offset to 'x'
+
      + +

      + Then when PIC is enabled (say with the -fpic compiler option), it will generate code like + this: +

      + +
        +        ldr     r1, .L0         <-- Fetch the offset to the GOT entry
+        ldr     r1, [r10,r1]    <-- Fetch the (relocated) address
+                                of 'x' from the GOT
+        ldr     r0, [r1, #0]    <-- Fetch the value of 'x'
+        ...
+.L1     .word   x(GOT)          <-- Offset to entry in the GOT
+
      + +

      See reference

      + +

      + Notice that the generates an extra level of indirection through the GOT. + This indirection is not needed by NXFLAT and only adds more RAM usage and + execution time. +

      +

      + NXFLAT (like XFLAT) can work even better with + the GOT. + Patches again older version of GCC exist to eliminate the GOT indirections. + Several are available here + if you are inspired to port them to a new GCC version. +

      + + + + + + +
      +

      Appendix B. PIC Text Workaround

       +
      + +

      + There is a problem with the memory model in GCC that prevents it from + being used as you need to use it in the NXFLAT context. + The problem is that GCC PIC model assumes that the executable lies in a flat, contiguous (virtual) address space like: +

      +

        + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
        Virtual
        .text
        .got
        .data
        .bss
      +

      + It assumes that the PIC base register (usually r10 for ARM) points to the base of .text + so that any address in .text, .got, .data, .bss + can be found with an offset from the same base address. + But that is not the memory arrangement that we need in the XIP embedded environment. + We need two memory regions, one in FLASH containing shared code and on per task in RAM containing task-specific data: +

      + +
        + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
        FlashRAM
        .text.got

        		.data

        		.bss
      + +

      + The PIC base register needs to point to the base of the .got and only + addresses in the .got, .data, and .bss + sections can be accessed as an offset from the PIC base register. + See also this + XFLAT discussion. +

      +

      + Patches again older version of GCC exist to correct this GCC behavior. + Several are available here + if you are inspired to port them to a new GCC version. +

      + + +