diff --git a/arch/arm/src/sama5/sam_twi.c b/arch/arm/src/sama5/sam_twi.c
index aea50295589..117f29b4451 100644
--- a/arch/arm/src/sama5/sam_twi.c
+++ b/arch/arm/src/sama5/sam_twi.c
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ static inline void twi_putrel(struct twi_dev_s *priv, unsigned int offset,
 
 static int  twi_wait(struct twi_dev_s *priv, unsigned int size);
 static void twi_wakeup(struct twi_dev_s *priv, int result);
-static int  twi_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  twi_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 static void twi_timeout(int argc, uint32_t arg, ...);
 
 static void twi_startread(struct twi_dev_s *priv, struct i2c_msg_s *msg);
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ static void twi_wakeup(struct twi_dev_s *priv, int result)
  *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-static int twi_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int twi_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   struct twi_dev_s *priv = (struct twi_dev_s *)arg;
   struct i2c_msg_s *msg;
diff --git a/arch/arm/src/stm32/stm32_adc.c b/arch/arm/src/stm32/stm32_adc.c
index 818d8165366..ef91b77b40f 100644
--- a/arch/arm/src/stm32/stm32_adc.c
+++ b/arch/arm/src/stm32/stm32_adc.c
@@ -364,20 +364,20 @@ static void adc_rccreset(FAR struct stm32_dev_s *priv, bool reset);
 
 static int adc_interrupt(FAR struct adc_dev_s *dev);
 #if defined(STM32_IRQ_ADC1) && defined(CONFIG_STM32_ADC1)
-static int adc1_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int adc1_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #endif
 #if defined(STM32_IRQ_ADC12) && (defined(CONFIG_STM32_ADC1) || \
                                  defined(CONFIG_STM32_ADC2))
-static int adc12_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int adc12_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #endif
 #if (defined(STM32_IRQ_ADC3) && defined(CONFIG_STM32_ADC3))
-static int adc3_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int adc3_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #endif
 #if defined(STM32_IRQ_ADC4) && defined(CONFIG_STM32_ADC4)
-static int adc4_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int adc4_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #endif
 #if defined(STM32_IRQ_ADC)
-static int adc123_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int adc123_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #endif
 
 /* ADC Driver Methods */
@@ -2832,7 +2832,7 @@ static int adc_interrupt(FAR struct adc_dev_s *dev)
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 #if defined(STM32_IRQ_ADC1)
-static int adc1_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int adc1_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   adc_interrupt(&g_adcdev1);
 
@@ -2854,7 +2854,7 @@ static int adc1_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
 
 #if defined(STM32_IRQ_ADC12) && \
     (defined(CONFIG_STM32_ADC1) || defined(CONFIG_STM32_ADC2))
-static int adc12_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int adc12_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_STM32_ADC1
   adc_interrupt(&g_adcdev1);
@@ -2881,7 +2881,7 @@ static int adc12_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 #if defined(STM32_IRQ_ADC3) && defined(CONFIG_STM32_ADC3)
-static int adc3_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int adc3_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   adc_interrupt(&g_adcdev3);
 
@@ -2902,7 +2902,7 @@ static int adc3_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 #if defined(STM32_IRQ_ADC4) && defined(CONFIG_STM32_ADC4)
-static int adc4_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int adc4_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   adc_interrupt(&g_adcdev4);
   return OK;
@@ -2922,7 +2922,7 @@ static int adc4_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 #if defined(STM32_IRQ_ADC)
-static int adc123_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int adc123_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_STM32_ADC1
   adc_interrupt(&g_adcdev1);
diff --git a/arch/arm/src/stm32f7/stm32_adc.c b/arch/arm/src/stm32f7/stm32_adc.c
index 661c172624c..df3ab7028e2 100644
--- a/arch/arm/src/stm32f7/stm32_adc.c
+++ b/arch/arm/src/stm32f7/stm32_adc.c
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ static void adc_rccreset(FAR struct stm32_dev_s *priv, bool reset);
 /* ADC Interrupt Handler */
 
 static int adc_interrupt(FAR struct adc_dev_s *dev);
-static int adc123_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int adc123_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 
 /* ADC Driver Methods */
 
@@ -1678,7 +1678,7 @@ static int adc_interrupt(FAR struct adc_dev_s *dev)
  *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-static int adc123_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int adc123_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_STM32F7_ADC1
   adc_interrupt(&g_adcdev1);
diff --git a/arch/arm/src/tiva/tiva_timerlib.c b/arch/arm/src/tiva/tiva_timerlib.c
index 2baf0259733..e2d8bcd0b4a 100644
--- a/arch/arm/src/tiva/tiva_timerlib.c
+++ b/arch/arm/src/tiva/tiva_timerlib.c
@@ -126,28 +126,28 @@ static void tiva_putreg(struct tiva_gptmstate_s *priv, unsigned int offset,
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER_32BIT
 static int  tiva_timer32_interrupt(struct tiva_gptmstate_s *priv);
 #  ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER0
-static int  tiva_gptm0_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_gptm0_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #  endif
 #  ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER1
-static int  tiva_gptm1_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_gptm1_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #  endif
 #  ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER2
-static int  tiva_gptm2_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_gptm2_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #  endif
 #  ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER3
-static int  tiva_gptm3_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_gptm3_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #  endif
 #  ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER4
-static int  tiva_gptm4_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_gptm4_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #  endif
 #  ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER5
-static int  tiva_gptm5_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_gptm5_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #  endif
 #  ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER6
-static int  tiva_gptm6_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_gptm6_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #  endif
 #  ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER7
-static int  tiva_gptm7_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_gptm7_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #endif
 #endif /* CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER_32BIT */
 
@@ -155,36 +155,36 @@ static int  tiva_gptm7_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
 static int  tiva_timer16_interrupt(struct tiva_gptmstate_s *priv,
               int tmndx);
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER0
-static int  tiva_timer0a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
-static int  tiva_timer0b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_timer0a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
+static int  tiva_timer0b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER1
-static int  tiva_timer1a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
-static int  tiva_timer1b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_timer1a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
+static int  tiva_timer1b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER2
-static int  tiva_timer2a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
-static int  tiva_timer2b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_timer2a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
+static int  tiva_timer2b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER3
-static int  tiva_timer3a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
-static int  tiva_timer3b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_timer3a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
+static int  tiva_timer3b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER4
-static int  tiva_timer4a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
-static int  tiva_timer4b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_timer4a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
+static int  tiva_timer4b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER5
-static int  tiva_timer5a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
-static int  tiva_timer5b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_timer5a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
+static int  tiva_timer5b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER6
-static int  tiva_timer6a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
-static int  tiva_timer6b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_timer6a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
+static int  tiva_timer6b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER7
-static int  tiva_timer7a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
-static int  tiva_timer7b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg);
+static int  tiva_timer7a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
+static int  tiva_timer7b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg);
 #endif
 #endif /* CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER_16BIT */
 
@@ -557,56 +557,56 @@ static int tiva_timer32_interrupt(struct tiva_gptmstate_s *priv)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER_32BIT
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER0
-static int tiva_gptm0_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_gptm0_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer32_interrupt(&g_gptm0_state);
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER1
-static int tiva_gptm1_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_gptm1_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer32_interrupt(&g_gptm1_state);
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER2
-static int tiva_gptm2_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_gptm2_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer32_interrupt(&g_gptm2_state);
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER3
-static int tiva_gptm3_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_gptm3_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer32_interrupt(&g_gptm3_state);
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER4
-static int tiva_gptm4_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_gptm4_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer32_interrupt(&g_gptm4_state);
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER5
-static int tiva_gptm5_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_gptm5_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer32_interrupt(&g_gptm5_state);
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER6
-static int tiva_gptm6_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_gptm6_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer32_interrupt(&g_gptm6_state);
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER7
-static int tiva_gptm7_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_gptm7_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer32_interrupt(&g_gptm7_state);
 }
@@ -683,96 +683,96 @@ static int tiva_timer16_interrupt(struct tiva_gptmstate_s *priv, int tmndx)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER_16BIT
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER0
-static int tiva_timer0a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer0a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm0_state, TIMER16A);
 }
 
-static int tiva_timer0b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer0b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm0_state, TIMER16B);
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER1
-static int tiva_timer1a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer1a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm1_state, TIMER16A);
 }
 
-static int tiva_timer1b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer1b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm1_state, TIMER16B);
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER2
-static int tiva_timer2a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer2a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm2_state, TIMER16A);
 }
 
-static int tiva_timer2b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer2b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm2_state, TIMER16B);
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER3
-static int tiva_timer3a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer3a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm3_state, TIMER16A);
 }
 
-static int tiva_timer3b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer3b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm3_state, TIMER16B);
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER4
-static int tiva_timer4a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer4a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm4_state, TIMER16A);
 }
 
-static int tiva_timer4b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer4b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm4_state, TIMER16B);
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER5
-static int tiva_timer5a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer5a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm5_state, TIMER16A);
 }
 
-static int tiva_timer5b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer5b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm5_state, TIMER16B);
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER6
-static int tiva_timer6a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer6a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm6_state, TIMER16A);
 }
 
-static int tiva_timer6b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer6b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm6_state, TIMER16B);
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TIVA_TIMER7
-static int tiva_timer7a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer7a_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm7_state, TIMER16A);
 }
 
-static int tiva_timer7b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void * arg)
+static int tiva_timer7b_interrupt(int irq, FAR void *context, FAR void *arg)
 {
   return tiva_timer16_interrupt(&g_gptm7_state, TIMER16B);
 }
diff --git a/drivers/input/mxt.c b/drivers/input/mxt.c
index 713d6ddb3af..f19c2bb0be5 100644
--- a/drivers/input/mxt.c
+++ b/drivers/input/mxt.c
@@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ errout_with_semaphore:
  * Name: mxt_interrupt
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-static int mxt_interrupt(FAR const struct mxt_lower_s *lower, FAR void * arg)
+static int mxt_interrupt(FAR const struct mxt_lower_s *lower, FAR void *arg)
 {
   FAR struct mxt_dev_s *priv = (FAR struct mxt_dev_s *)arg;
   int ret;
diff --git a/include/nuttx/audio/audio.h b/include/nuttx/audio/audio.h
index d312a6f6d10..1bdb9fe7ef4 100644
--- a/include/nuttx/audio/audio.h
+++ b/include/nuttx/audio/audio.h
@@ -389,12 +389,12 @@ begin_packed_struct struct ap_buffer_s
 struct audio_msg_s
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_AUDIO_MULTI_SESSION
-  FAR void            *session;     /* Associated channel */
+  FAR void           *session;      /* Associated channel */
 #endif
   uint16_t            msgId;        /* Message ID */
   union
   {
-    FAR void *        pPtr;         /* Buffer being dequeued */
+    FAR void         *pPtr;         /* Buffer being dequeued */
     uint32_t          data;         /* Message data */
   } u;
 };
diff --git a/include/nuttx/irq.h b/include/nuttx/irq.h
index 45ccb3bb743..59d8a3a3302 100644
--- a/include/nuttx/irq.h
+++ b/include/nuttx/irq.h
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ extern "C"
  *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-int irq_attach(int irq, xcpt_t isr, FAR void * arg);
+int irq_attach(int irq, xcpt_t isr, FAR void *arg);
 
 /****************************************************************************
  * Name: enter_critical_section
diff --git a/sched/irq/irq.h b/sched/irq/irq.h
index 780d13347a5..59bd5ea2436 100644
--- a/sched/irq/irq.h
+++ b/sched/irq/irq.h
@@ -54,17 +54,27 @@
  * Public Data
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-/* This is the list of interrupt handlers, one for each IRQ.  This is used
- * by irq_dispatch to transfer control to interrupt handlers after the
- * occurrence of an interrupt.
+/* This is the type of the list of interrupt handlers, one for each IRQ.
+ * This type provided all of the information necessary to irq_dispatch to
+ * transfer control to interrupt handlers after the occurrence of an
+ * interrupt.
  */
 
 struct irq
 {
-  xcpt_t handler;
-  FAR void * arg;
+  xcpt_t handler;  /* Address of the interrupt handler */
+  FAR void *arg;   /* The argument provided to the interrupt handler. */
 };
 
+/****************************************************************************
+ * Public Data
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/* This is the list of interrupt handlers, one for each IRQ.  This is used
+ * by irq_dispatch to transfer control to interrupt handlers after the
+ * occurrence of an interrupt.
+ */
+
 extern struct irq g_irqvector[NR_IRQS];
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
diff --git a/sched/irq/irq_attach.c b/sched/irq/irq_attach.c
index ae147e2004b..218ceb7ca1f 100644
--- a/sched/irq/irq_attach.c
+++ b/sched/irq/irq_attach.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
  *
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-int irq_attach(int irq, xcpt_t isr, FAR void * arg)
+int irq_attach(int irq, xcpt_t isr, FAR void *arg)
 {
 #if NR_IRQS > 0
   int ret = ERROR;