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<refentry xml:id="mosquitto_pub" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<refmeta>
		<refentrytitle>mosquitto_pub</refentrytitle>
		<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
		<refmiscinfo class="source">Mosquitto Project</refmiscinfo>
		<refmiscinfo class="manual">Commands</refmiscinfo>
	</refmeta>

	<refnamediv>
		<refname>mosquitto_pub</refname>
		<refpurpose>an MQTT version 5/3.1.1/3.1 client for publishing simple messages</refpurpose>
	</refnamediv>

	<refsynopsisdiv>
		<cmdsynopsis>
			<command>mosquitto_pub</command>
			<group choice='req'>
				<arg choice='plain'>
					<arg><option>-h</option> <replaceable>hostname</replaceable></arg>
					<arg><option>--unix</option> <replaceable>socket path</replaceable></arg>
					<arg><option>-p</option> <replaceable>port-number</replaceable></arg>
					<arg><option>-u</option> <replaceable>username</replaceable></arg>
					<arg><option>-P</option> <replaceable>password</replaceable></arg>
					<arg choice='plain' rep='repeat'><option>-t</option> <replaceable>message-topic</replaceable></arg>
				</arg>
				<arg choice='plain'><option>-L</option> <replaceable>URL</replaceable></arg>
			</group>
			<arg><option>-A</option> <replaceable>bind-address</replaceable></arg>
			<arg><option>-c</option></arg>
			<arg><option>-d</option></arg>
			<arg><option>-D</option> <replaceable>command</replaceable> <replaceable>identifier</replaceable> <replaceable>value</replaceable></arg>
			<arg><option>-i</option> <replaceable>client-id</replaceable></arg>
			<arg><option>-I</option> <replaceable>client-id-prefix</replaceable></arg>
			<arg><option>-k</option> <replaceable>keepalive-time</replaceable></arg>
			<arg><option>--nodelay</option></arg>
			<arg><option>-q</option> <replaceable>message-QoS</replaceable></arg>
			<arg><option>--quiet</option></arg>
			<arg><option>-r</option></arg>
			<arg><option>--repeat</option> <replaceable>count</replaceable></arg>
			<arg><option>--repeat-delay</option> <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg>
			<arg><option>-S</option></arg>
			<arg><option>-V</option> <replaceable>protocol-version</replaceable></arg>
			<arg><option>-x</option> <replaceable>session-expiry-interval</replaceable></arg>
			<group choice='req'>
				<arg choice='plain'><option>-f</option> <replaceable>file</replaceable></arg>
				<arg choice='plain'><option>-l</option></arg>
				<arg choice='plain'><option>-m</option> <replaceable>message</replaceable></arg>
				<arg choice='plain'><option>-n</option></arg>
				<arg choice='plain'><option>-s</option></arg>
			</group>
			<arg>
				<option>--will-topic</option> <replaceable>topic</replaceable>
				<arg><option>--will-payload</option> <replaceable>payload</replaceable></arg>
				<arg><option>--will-qos</option> <replaceable>qos</replaceable></arg>
				<arg><option>--will-retain</option></arg>
			</arg>
			<group>
				<arg>
					<group choice='req'>
						<arg choice='plain'><option>--cafile</option> <replaceable>file</replaceable></arg>
						<arg choice='plain'><option>--capath</option> <replaceable>dir</replaceable></arg>
					</group>
					<arg><option>--cert</option> <replaceable>file</replaceable></arg>
					<arg><option>--key</option> <replaceable>file</replaceable></arg>
					<arg><option>--ciphers</option> <replaceable>ciphers</replaceable></arg>
					<arg><option>--tls-version</option> <replaceable>version</replaceable></arg>
					<arg><option>--tls-alpn</option> <replaceable>protocol</replaceable></arg>
					<arg><option>--tls-engine</option> <replaceable>engine</replaceable></arg>
					<arg><option>--keyform</option>
					<group choice='req'>
						<arg choice='plain'><replaceable>pem</replaceable></arg>
						<arg choice='plain'><replaceable>engine</replaceable></arg>
					</group></arg>
					<arg><option>--tls-engine-kpass-sha1</option> <replaceable>kpass-sha1</replaceable></arg>
					<arg><option>--tls-use-os-certs</option></arg>
					<arg><option>--insecure</option></arg>
				</arg>
				<arg>
					<arg choice='plain'><option>--psk</option> <replaceable>hex-key</replaceable></arg>
					<arg choice='plain'><option>--psk-identity</option> <replaceable>identity</replaceable></arg>
					<arg><option>--ciphers</option> <replaceable>ciphers</replaceable></arg>
					<arg><option>--tls-version</option> <replaceable>version</replaceable></arg>
				</arg>
			</group>
			<arg><option>--proxy</option> <replaceable>socks-url</replaceable></arg>
		</cmdsynopsis>
		<cmdsynopsis>
			<command>mosquitto_pub</command>
			<group choice='plain'>
				<arg><option>--help</option></arg>
			</group>
		</cmdsynopsis>
	</refsynopsisdiv>

	<refsect1>
		<title>Description</title>
		<para><command>mosquitto_pub</command> is a simple MQTT version 5/3.1.1
			client that will publish a single message on a topic and
			exit.</para>
	</refsect1>

	<refsect1>
		<title>Encrypted Connections</title>
		<para><command>mosquitto_pub</command> supports TLS encrypted
			connections. It is strongly recommended that you use an encrypted
			connection for anything more than the most basic setup.</para>
		<para>To enable TLS connections when using x509 certificates, one of
			either <option>--cafile</option> or <option>--capath</option> can
			be provided as an option.</para>
		<para>Alternatively, if the <option>-p 8883</option> option is used
			then the OS provided certificates will be loaded and neither
			<option>--cafile</option> or <option>--capath</option> are
			needed</para>
		<para>To enable TLS connections when using TLS-PSK, you must use the
			<option>--psk</option> and the <option>--psk-identity</option>
			options.</para>
	</refsect1>

	<refsect1>
		<title>Options</title>
		<para>The options below may be given on the command line, but may also
			be placed in a config file located at
			<option>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/mosquitto_pub</option> or
			<option>$HOME/.config/mosquitto_pub</option> with one pair of
			<option>-option <replaceable>value</replaceable></option>
			per line. The values in the config file will be used as defaults
			and can be overridden by using the command line. The exceptions to
			this are the message type options, of which only one can be
			specified. Note also that currently some options cannot be negated,
			e.g. <option>-S</option>. Config file lines that have a
			<option>#</option> as the first character are treated as comments
			and not processed any further.</para>
		<variablelist>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-A</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Bind the outgoing connection to a local ip
						address/hostname. Use this argument if you need to
						restrict network communication to a particular
						interface.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-c</option></term>
				<term><option>--disable-clean-session</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Disable 'clean session' / enable persistent client mode.
						When this argument is used, the broker will be instructed
						not to clean existing sessions for the same client id when
						the client connects, and sessions will never expire when
						the client disconnects. MQTT v5 clients can change their
						session expiry interval with the <option>-x</option> argument.
					</para>
					<para>When a session is persisted on the broker, the subscriptions
						for the client will be maintained after it disconnects, along
						with subsequent QoS 1 and QoS 2 messages that arrive. When the
						client reconnects and does not clean the session, it will
						receive all of the queued messages.</para>
					<para>If using this option, the client id must be set
						manually with <option>--id</option></para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--cafile</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Define the path to a file containing PEM encoded CA
						certificates that are trusted. Used to enable SSL
						communication.</para>
					<para>See also <option>--capath</option></para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--capath</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Define the path to a directory containing PEM encoded CA
						certificates that are trusted. Used to enable SSL
						communication.</para>
					<para>For <option>--capath</option> to work correctly, the
						certificate files must have ".crt" as the file ending
						and you must run "openssl rehash &lt;path to capath&gt;" each
						time you add/remove a certificate.</para>
					<para>See also <option>--cafile</option></para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--cert</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Define the path to a file containing a PEM encoded
						certificate for this client, if required by the
						server.</para>
					<para>See also <option>--key</option> and the Encrypted Connections section.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--ciphers</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>An openssl compatible list of TLS ciphers to support
						in the client. See
						<citerefentry><refentrytitle><link xlink:href="https://linux.die.net/man/1/ciphers">ciphers</link></refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
						for more information.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-d</option></term>
				<term><option>--debug</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Enable debug messages.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-D</option></term>
				<term><option>--property</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Use an MQTT v5 property with this publish. If you use
						this option, the client will be set to be an MQTT v5
						client. This option has two forms:</para>
					<para><option>-D command identifier value</option></para>
					<para><option>-D command identifier name value</option></para>
					<para><option>command</option> is the MQTT command/packet
						identifier and can be one of CONNECT, PUBLISH, PUBREL,
						DISCONNECT, AUTH, or WILL. The properties available for
						each command are listed in the
						<link linkend='properties'>Properties</link>
						section.</para>

					<para><option>identifier</option> is the name of the
						property to add. This is as described in the
						specification, but with '-' as a word separator. For
						example:
						<option>payload-format-indicator</option>. More details
						are in the <link linkend='properties'>Properties</link>
						section.</para>

					<para><option>value</option> is the value of the property
						to add, with a data type that is property
						specific.</para>

					<para><option>name</option> is only used for the
						<option>user-property</option> property as the first of
						the two strings in the string pair. In that case,
						<option>value</option> is the second of the strings in
						the pair.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-f</option></term>
				<term><option>--file</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Send the contents of a file as the message.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--help</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Display usage information.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-h</option></term>
				<term><option>--host</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Specify the host to connect to. Defaults to localhost.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-i</option></term>
				<term><option>--id</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>The id to use for this client. If not given, a client id will
					be generated depending on the MQTT version being used. For v3.1.1/v3.1,
					the client generates a client id in the format
					<option>mosq-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX</option>, where the
					<option>X</option> are replaced with random alphanumeric
					characters. For v5.0, the client sends a zero length client id, and the
					server will generate a client id for the client.</para>

					<para>This option cannot be used at the same time as the
					<option>--id-prefix</option> argument.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-I</option></term>
				<term><option>--id-prefix</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Provide a prefix that the client id will be built
					from by appending the process id of the client. This is
					useful where the broker is using the clientid_prefixes
					option. Cannot be used at the same time as the
					<option>--id</option> argument.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--insecure</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>When using certificate based encryption, this option
						disables verification of the server hostname in the
						server certificate. This can be useful when testing
						initial server configurations but makes it possible for
						a malicious third party to impersonate your server
						through DNS spoofing, for example. Use this option in
						testing <emphasis>only</emphasis>. If you need to
						resort to using this option in a production
						environment, your setup is at fault and there is no
						point using encryption.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-k</option></term>
				<term><option>--keepalive</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>The number of seconds between sending PING commands
					to the broker for the purposes of informing it we are still
					connected and functioning. Defaults to 60 seconds.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--key</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Define the path to a file containing a PEM encoded
						private key for this client, if required by the
						server.</para>
					<para>See also <option>--cert</option> and the Encrypted Connections section.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--keyform</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Specifies the type of private key in use when making
						TLS connections.. This can be "pem" or "engine". This
						parameter is useful when a TPM module is being used and
						the private key has been created with it. Defaults to
						"pem", which means normal private key files are
						used.</para>
					<para>See also <option>--tls-engine</option>.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-L</option></term>
				<term><option>--url</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Specify specify user, password, hostname, port and
						topic at once as a URL.  The URL must be in the form:
						mqtt(s)://[username[:password]@]host[:port]/topic</para>
					<para>If the scheme is mqtt:// then the port defaults to
						1883. If the scheme is mqtts:// then the port defaults
						to 8883.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-l</option></term>
				<term><option>--stdin-line</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Send messages read from stdin, splitting separate lines into separate messages.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-m</option></term>
				<term><option>--message</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Send a single message from the command line.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-n</option></term>
				<term><option>--null-message</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Send a null (zero length) message.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--nodelay</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Disable Nagle's algorithm for the socket. This means
						that latency of sent messages is reduced, which is
						particularly noticeable for small, reasonably infrequent
						messages. Using this option may result in more packets
						being sent than would normally be necessary.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-p</option></term>
				<term><option>--port</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Connect to the port specified. If not given, the
						default of 1883 for plain MQTT or 8883 for MQTT over
						TLS will be used.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-P</option></term>
				<term><option>--pw</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Provide a password to be used for authenticating with
						the broker. Using this argument without also specifying
						a username is invalid when using MQTT v3.1 or v3.1.1.
						See also the <option>--username</option> option.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--proxy</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Specify a SOCKS5 proxy to connect through. "None" and
						"username" authentication types are supported. The
						<option>socks-url</option> must be of the form
						<option>socks5h://[username[:password]@]host[:port]</option>.
						The protocol prefix <option>socks5h</option> means that
						hostnames are resolved by the proxy. The symbols %25,
						%3A and %40 are URL decoded into %, : and @
						respectively, if present in the username or
						password.</para>
					<para>If username is not given, then no authentication is
						attempted. If the port is not given, then the default
						of 1080 is used.</para>
					<para>More SOCKS versions may be available in the future,
						depending on demand, and will use different protocol
						prefixes as described in <citerefentry>
							<refentrytitle><link xlink:href="https://linux.die.net/man/1/curl">curl</link></refentrytitle>
							<manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--psk</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Provide the hexadecimal (no leading 0x)
						pre-shared-key matching the one used on the broker to
						use TLS-PSK encryption support.
						<option>--psk-identity</option> must also be provided
						to enable TLS-PSK.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--psk-identity</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>The client identity to use with TLS-PSK support. This
						may be used instead of a username if the broker is
						configured to do so.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-q</option></term>
				<term><option>--qos</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Specify the quality of service to use for the message, from 0, 1 and 2. Defaults to 0.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>If this argument is given, no runtime errors will be
					printed. This excludes any error messages given in case of
					invalid user input (e.g. using <option>--port</option> without a
					port).</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-r</option></term>
				<term><option>--retain</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>
						If retain is given, the message will be retained as a
						"last known good" value on the broker. See
						<citerefentry><refentrytitle><link xlink:href="mqtt-7.html">mqtt</link></refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
						for more information. Note that zero length payloads
						are never retained. If you send a zero length
						payload retained message it will clear any retained
						message on the topic.
					</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--repeat</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>If the publish mode is<option>-m</option>,
						<option>-f</option>, or <option>-s</option> (i.e. the modes
						where only a single message is sent), then
						<option>--repeat</option> can be used to specify that the
						message will be published multiple times.</para>
					<para>See also <option>--repeat-delay</option>.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--repeat-delay</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>If using <option>--repeat</option>, then the default
						behaviour is to publish repeated messages as soon as the
						previous message is delivered. Use
						<option>--repeat-delay</option> to specify the number of
						seconds to wait after the previous message was delivered
						before publishing the next. Does not need to be an integer
						number of seconds.</para>
					<para>Note that there is no guarantee as to the actual interval
						between messages, this option simply defines the minimum
						time from delivery of one message to the start of the
						publish of the next.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-s</option></term>
				<term><option>--stdin-file</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Send a message read from stdin, sending the entire content as a single message.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-S</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Use SRV lookups to determine which host to connect
						to. Performs lookups to
						<option>_mqtt._tcp.&lt;host&gt;</option> when used in
						conjunction with <option>-h</option>, otherwise uses
						<option>_mqtt._tcp.&lt;local dns
							domain&gt;</option>.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-t</option></term>
				<term><option>--topic</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>The MQTT topic on which to publish the message. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle><link xlink:href="mqtt-7.html">mqtt</link></refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information on MQTT topics.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--tls-alpn</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Provide a protocol to use when connecting to a broker
						that has multiple protocols available on a single port,
						e.g. MQTT and WebSockets.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--tls-engine</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>A valid openssl engine id. These can be listed with
						openssl engine command.</para>
					<para>See also <option>--keyform</option>.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--tls-engine-kpass-sha1</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>SHA1 of the private key password when using an TLS
						engine.  Some TLS engines such as the TPM engine may
						require the use of a password in order to be accessed.
						This option allows a hex encoded SHA1 hash of the
						password to the engine directly, instead of the user
						being prompted for the password.</para>
					<para>See also <option>--tls-engine</option>.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--tls-use-os-certs</option></term>
				<listitem>
                    <para>
                        If used, this will load and trust the OS provided CA
                        certificates. This can be used in conjunction with
                        <option>--cafile</option> and <option>--capath</option>
                        and can be used on its own to enable TLS mode. This
						will be set by default if <option>-L mqtts://...</option>
                        is used, or if port is 8883 and no other certificate
                        options are used.
					</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--tls-version</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Choose which TLS protocol version to use when
						communicating with the broker. Valid options are
						<option>tlsv1.3</option>, <option>tlsv1.2</option> and
						<option>tlsv1.1</option>. The default value is
						<option>tlsv1.2</option>. Must match the protocol
						version used by the broker.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-u</option></term>
				<term><option>--username</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Provide a username to be used for authenticating with
						the broker.  See also the <option>--pw</option>
						argument.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--unix</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Connect to a broker through a local unix domain socket
						instead of a TCP socket. This is a replacement for
						<option>-h</option> and <option>-L</option>. For example:
						<option>mosquitto_pub --unix /tmp/mosquitto.sock ...</option>
					</para>
					<para>See the <option>socket_domain</option> option in
						<refentrytitle>
							<link xlink:href="mosquitto-conf-5.html">mosquitto.conf</link>
						</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
						to configure Mosquitto to listen on a unix socket.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-V</option></term>
				<term><option>--protocol-version</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Specify which version of the MQTT protocol should be
						used when connecting to the rmeote broker. Can be
						<option>5</option>, <option>311</option>,
						<option>31</option>, or the more verbose
						<option>mqttv5</option>, <option>mqttv311</option>, or
						<option>mqttv31</option>.
						Defaults to <option>311</option>.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--will-payload</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Specify a message that will be stored by the broker
					and sent out if this client disconnects unexpectedly. This
					must be used in conjunction with <option>--will-topic</option>.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--will-qos</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>The QoS to use for the Will. Defaults to 0. This must
					be used in conjunction with <option>--will-topic</option>.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--will-retain</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>If given, if the client disconnects unexpectedly the
						message sent out will be treated as a retained message.
						This must be used in conjunction with <option>--will-topic</option>.
						Note that zero length payloads are never retained. If you send a zero length
						payload retained message it will clear any retained
						message on the topic.
					</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>--will-topic</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>The topic on which to send a Will, in the event that
					the client disconnects unexpectedly.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><option>-x</option></term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Set the session-expiry-interval property on the CONNECT packet.
						Applies to MQTT v5 clients only. Set to 0-4294967294 to specify
						the session will expire in that many seconds after the client
						disconnects, or use -1, 4294967295, or ∞ for a session that does
						not expire. Defaults to -1 if -c is also given, or 0 if -c not
						given.</para>
					<para>If the session is set to never expire, either with -x or -c, then
						a client id must be provided.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
		</variablelist>
	</refsect1>

	<refsect1>
		<title>Wills</title>
		<para>mosquitto_sub can register a message with the broker that will be
		sent out if it disconnects unexpectedly. See
		<citerefentry><refentrytitle><link xlink:href="mqtt-7.html">mqtt</link></refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
		for more information.</para>
		<para>The minimum requirement for this is to use <option>--will-topic</option> to
		specify which topic the will should be sent out on. This will result in
		a non-retained, zero length message with QoS 0.</para>
		<para>Use the <option>--will-retain</option>,
		<option>--will-payload</option> and <option>--will-qos</option>
		arguments to modify the other will parameters.</para>
	</refsect1>

	<refsect1 id='properties'>
		<title>Properties</title>
		<para>The <option>-D</option> / <option>--property</option> option
			allows adding properties to different stages of the mosquitto_pub
			run. The properties supported for each command are as
			follows:</para>

		<refsect2>
			<title>Connect</title>
			<itemizedlist>
				<listitem><para><option>authentication-data</option> (binary data - note treated as a string in mosquitto_pub)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>authentication-method</option> (UTF-8 string pair)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>maximum-packet-size</option> (32-bit unsigned integer)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>receive-maximum</option> (16-bit unsigned integer)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>request-problem-information</option> (8-bit unsigned integer)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>request-response-information</option> (8-bit unsigned integer)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>session-expiry-interval</option> (32-bit unsigned integer, note use <option>-x</option> instead)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>topic-alias-maximum</option> (16-bit unsigned integer)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>user-property</option> (UTF-8 string pair)</para></listitem>
			</itemizedlist>
		</refsect2>

		<refsect2>
			<title>Publish</title>
			<itemizedlist>
				<listitem><para><option>content-type</option> (UTF-8 string)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>correlation-data</option> (binary data - note treated as a string in mosquitto_pub)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>message-expiry-interval</option> (32-bit unsigned integer)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>payload-format-indicator</option> (8-bit unsigned integer)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>response-topic</option> (UTF-8 string)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>topic-alias</option> (16-bit unsigned integer)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>user-property</option> (UTF-8 string pair)</para></listitem>
			</itemizedlist>
		</refsect2>

		<refsect2>
			<title>Disconnect</title>
			<itemizedlist>
				<listitem><para><option>session-expiry-interval</option> (32-bit unsigned integer)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>user-property</option> (UTF-8 string pair)</para></listitem>
			</itemizedlist>
		</refsect2>

		<refsect2>
			<title>Will properties</title>
			<itemizedlist>
				<listitem><para><option>content-type</option> (UTF-8 string)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>correlation-data</option> (binary data - note treated as a string in mosquitto_pub)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>message-expiry-interval</option> (32-bit unsigned integer)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>payload-format-indicator</option> (8-bit unsigned integer)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>response-topic</option> (UTF-8 string)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>user-property</option> (UTF-8 string pair)</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>will-delay-interval</option> (32-bit unsigned integer)</para></listitem>
			</itemizedlist>
		</refsect2>
	</refsect1>

	<refsect1>
		<title>Exit Status</title>
            <para>
                mosquitto_sub returns zero on success, or non-zero on error. If
                the connection is refused by the broker at the MQTT level, then
                the exit code is the CONNACK reason code. If another error
                occurs, the exit code is a libmosquitto return value.
            </para>

			<para>MQTT v3.1.1 CONNACK codes:</para>
			<itemizedlist mark="circle">
				<listitem><para><option>0</option> Success</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>1</option> Connection refused: Bad protocol version</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>2</option> Connection refused: Identifier rejected</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>3</option> Connection refused: Server unavailable</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>4</option> Connection refused: Bad username/password</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>5</option> Connection refused: Not authorized</para></listitem>
			</itemizedlist>

			<para>MQTT v5 CONNACK codes:</para>
			<itemizedlist>
				<listitem><para><option>0</option> Success</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>128</option> Unspecified error</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>129</option> Malformed packet</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>130</option> Protocol error</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>131</option> Implementation specific error</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>132</option> Unsupported protocol version</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>133</option> Client ID not valid</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>134</option> Bad username or password</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>135</option> Not authorized</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>136</option> Server unavailable</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>137</option> Server busy</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>138</option> Banned</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>139</option> Server shutting down</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>140</option> Bad authentication method</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>141</option> Keep alive timeout</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>142</option> Session taken over</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>143</option> Topic filter invalid</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>144</option> Topic name invalid</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>147</option> Receive maximum exceeded</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>148</option> Topic alias invalid</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>149</option> Packet too large</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>148</option> Message rate too high</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>151</option> Quota exceeded</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>152</option> Administrative action</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>153</option> Payload format invalid</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>154</option> Retain not supported</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>155</option> QoS not supported</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>156</option> Use another server</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>157</option> Server moved</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>158</option> Shared subscriptions not supported</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>159</option> Connection rate exceeded</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>160</option> Maximum connect time</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>161</option> Subscription IDs not supported</para></listitem>
				<listitem><para><option>162</option> Wildcard subscriptions not supported</para></listitem>
			</itemizedlist>
	</refsect1>

	<refsect1>
		<title>Examples</title>
		<para>Publish temperature information to localhost with QoS 1:</para>
		<itemizedlist mark="circle">
			<listitem><para>mosquitto_pub <literal>-t</literal> sensors/temperature <literal>-m</literal> 32 <literal>-q</literal> 1</para></listitem>
		</itemizedlist>
		<para>Publish timestamp and temperature information to a remote host on a non-standard port and QoS 0:</para>
		<itemizedlist mark="circle">
			<listitem><para>mosquitto_pub <literal>-h</literal> 192.168.1.1
			<literal>-p</literal> 1885 <literal>-t</literal>
			sensors/temperature <literal>-m</literal> "1266193804
			32"</para></listitem>
		</itemizedlist>
		<para>Publish light switch status. Message is set to retained because there may be a long period of time between light switch events:</para>
		<itemizedlist mark="circle">
			<listitem><para>mosquitto_pub <literal>-r</literal> <literal>-t</literal> switches/kitchen_lights/status <literal>-m</literal> "on"</para></listitem>
		</itemizedlist>
		<para>Send the contents of a file in two ways:</para>
		<itemizedlist mark="circle">
			<listitem><para>mosquitto_pub <literal>-t</literal> my/topic <literal>-f</literal> ./data</para></listitem>
			<listitem><para>mosquitto_pub <literal>-t</literal> my/topic <literal>-s</literal> &lt; ./data</para></listitem>
		</itemizedlist>
		<para>Send parsed electricity usage data from a Current Cost meter, reading from stdin with one line/reading as one message:</para>
		<itemizedlist mark="circle">
			<listitem><para>read_cc128.pl | mosquitto_pub <literal>-t</literal> sensors/cc128 <literal>-l</literal></para></listitem>
		</itemizedlist>
	</refsect1>

	<refsect1>
		<title>Files</title>
		<variablelist>
			<varlistentry>
				<term><filename>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/mosquitto_pub</filename></term>
				<term><filename>$HOME/.config/mosquitto_pub</filename></term>
				<term><filename>$HOME/snap/mosquitto/current/.config/mosquitto_pub</filename> (for snap installs)</term>
				<listitem>
					<para>Configuration file for default options.</para>
				</listitem>
			</varlistentry>
		</variablelist>
	</refsect1>

	<refsect1>
		<title>Bugs</title>
		<para><command>mosquitto</command> bug information can be found at
			<ulink url="https://github.com/eclipse/mosquitto/issues"/></para>
	</refsect1>

	<refsect1>
		<title>See Also</title>
		<simplelist type="inline">
			<member>
				<citerefentry>
					<refentrytitle><link xlink:href="mqtt-7.html">mqtt</link></refentrytitle>
					<manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
				</citerefentry>
			</member>
			<member>
				<citerefentry>
					<refentrytitle><link xlink:href="mosquitto_rr-1.html">mosquitto_rr</link></refentrytitle>
					<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
				</citerefentry>
			</member>
			<member>
				<citerefentry>
					<refentrytitle><link xlink:href="mosquitto_sub-1.html">mosquitto_sub</link></refentrytitle>
					<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
				</citerefentry>
			</member>
			<member>
				<citerefentry>
					<refentrytitle><link xlink:href="mosquitto-8.html">mosquitto</link></refentrytitle>
					<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
				</citerefentry>
			</member>
			<member>
				<citerefentry>
					<refentrytitle><link xlink:href="libmosquitto-3.html">libmosquitto</link></refentrytitle>
					<manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
				</citerefentry>
			</member>
			<member>
				<citerefentry>
					<refentrytitle><link xlink:href="mosquitto-tls-7.html">mosquitto-tls</link></refentrytitle>
					<manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
				</citerefentry>
			</member>
		</simplelist>
	</refsect1>

	<refsect1>
		<title>Author</title>
		<para>Roger Light <email>roger@atchoo.org</email></para>
	</refsect1>
</refentry>
