diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
index 3bc4263b31..1b976b73a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
@@ -203,8 +203,10 @@ UART_DIRECTIONS = {
 # round numbers.
 AFTER_DEFAULTS = {CONF_BYTES: 150, CONF_TIMEOUT: "100ms"}
 
+CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX = "debug_prefix"
+
 # By default, log in hex format when no specific sequence is provided.
-DEFAULT_DEBUG_OUTPUT = "UARTDebug::log_hex(direction, bytes, ':');"
+DEFAULT_DEBUG_OUTPUT = "UARTDebug::log_hex(direction, bytes, ':', debug_prefix);"
 DEFAULT_SEQUENCE = [{CONF_LAMBDA: make_data_base(DEFAULT_DEBUG_OUTPUT)}]
 
 
@@ -242,6 +244,7 @@ DEBUG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         ): automation.validate_automation(),
         cv.Optional(CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER, default=False): cv.boolean,
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER_ID): cv.declare_id(UARTDummyReceiver),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX, default=""): cv.string,
     }
 )
 
@@ -283,7 +286,11 @@ async def debug_to_code(config, parent):
     for action in config[CONF_SEQUENCE]:
         await automation.build_automation(
             trigger,
-            [(UARTDirection, "direction"), (cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8), "bytes")],
+            [
+                (UARTDirection, "direction"),
+                (cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8), "bytes"),
+                (cg.StringRef, "debug_prefix"),
+            ],
             action,
         )
     cg.add(trigger.set_direction(config[CONF_DIRECTION]))
@@ -299,6 +306,8 @@ async def debug_to_code(config, parent):
     if config[CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER]:
         dummy = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER_ID], parent)
         await cg.register_component(dummy, {})
+    if debug_prefix := config[CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX]:
+        cg.add(trigger.set_debug_prefix(debug_prefix))
     cg.add_define("USE_UART_DEBUGGER")
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.cpp
index 5490154d01..e0be599d8d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.cpp
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ bool UARTDebugger::has_buffered_bytes_() { return !this->bytes_.empty(); }
 
 void UARTDebugger::fire_trigger_() {
   this->is_triggering_ = true;
-  trigger(this->last_direction_, this->bytes_);
+  trigger(this->last_direction_, this->bytes_, this->debug_prefix_);
   this->bytes_.clear();
   this->is_triggering_ = false;
 }
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ void UARTDummyReceiver::loop() {
 // TCP connection(s). Without these delays, debug log lines could go
 // missing when UART devices block the main loop for too long.
 
-void UARTDebug::log_hex(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator) {
+void UARTDebug::log_hex(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator, StringRef prefix) {
   std::string res;
   if (direction == UART_DIRECTION_RX) {
     res += "<<< ";
@@ -110,11 +110,11 @@ void UARTDebug::log_hex(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uin
     buf_append_printf(buf, sizeof(buf), 0, "%02X", bytes[i]);
     res += buf;
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", res.c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s%s", prefix.c_str(), res.c_str());
   delay(10);
 }
 
-void UARTDebug::log_string(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes) {
+void UARTDebug::log_string(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, StringRef prefix) {
   std::string res;
   if (direction == UART_DIRECTION_RX) {
     res += "<<< \"";
@@ -154,11 +154,11 @@ void UARTDebug::log_string(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes)
     }
   }
   res += '"';
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", res.c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s%s", prefix.c_str(), res.c_str());
   delay(10);
 }
 
-void UARTDebug::log_int(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator) {
+void UARTDebug::log_int(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator, StringRef prefix) {
   std::string res;
   size_t len = bytes.size();
   if (direction == UART_DIRECTION_RX) {
@@ -174,11 +174,11 @@ void UARTDebug::log_int(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uin
     buf_append_printf(buf, sizeof(buf), 0, "%u", bytes[i]);
     res += buf;
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", res.c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s%s", prefix.c_str(), res.c_str());
   delay(10);
 }
 
-void UARTDebug::log_binary(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator) {
+void UARTDebug::log_binary(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator, StringRef prefix) {
   std::string res;
   size_t len = bytes.size();
   if (direction == UART_DIRECTION_RX) {
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ void UARTDebug::log_binary(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes,
     buf_append_printf(buf, sizeof(buf), 0, "0b" BYTE_TO_BINARY_PATTERN " (0x%02X)", BYTE_TO_BINARY(bytes[i]), bytes[i]);
     res += buf;
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", res.c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s%s", prefix.c_str(), res.c_str());
   delay(10);
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h
index df87655962..da33bea70c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 #include "uart.h"
 #include "uart_component.h"
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ namespace esphome::uart {
 /// 'appropriate time' means exactly, is determined by a number of
 /// configurable constraints. E.g. when a given number of bytes is gathered
 /// and/or when no more data has been seen for a given time interval.
-class UARTDebugger : public Component, public Trigger<UARTDirection, std::vector<uint8_t>> {
+class UARTDebugger : public Component, public Trigger<UARTDirection, std::vector<uint8_t>, StringRef> {
  public:
   explicit UARTDebugger(UARTComponent *parent);
   void loop() override;
@@ -41,6 +42,8 @@ class UARTDebugger : public Component, public Trigger<UARTDirection, std::vector
   /// logging will be triggered.
   void add_delimiter_byte(uint8_t byte) { this->after_delimiter_.push_back(byte); }
 
+  void set_debug_prefix(const char *prefix) { this->debug_prefix_ = StringRef(prefix); }
+
  protected:
   UARTDirection for_direction_;
   UARTDirection last_direction_{};
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ class UARTDebugger : public Component, public Trigger<UARTDirection, std::vector
   std::vector<uint8_t> after_delimiter_{};
   size_t after_delimiter_pos_{};
   bool is_triggering_{false};
+  StringRef debug_prefix_{};
 
   bool is_my_direction_(UARTDirection direction);
   bool is_recursive_();
@@ -81,18 +85,21 @@ class UARTDebug {
  public:
   /// Log the bytes as hex values, separated by the provided separator
   /// character.
-  static void log_hex(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator);
+  static void log_hex(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator,
+                      StringRef prefix = StringRef());
 
   /// Log the bytes as string values, escaping unprintable characters.
-  static void log_string(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes);
+  static void log_string(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, StringRef prefix = StringRef());
 
   /// Log the bytes as integer values, separated by the provided separator
   /// character.
-  static void log_int(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator);
+  static void log_int(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator,
+                      StringRef prefix = StringRef());
 
   /// Log the bytes as '<binary> (<hex>)' values, separated by the provided
   /// separator.
-  static void log_binary(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator);
+  static void log_binary(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator,
+                         StringRef prefix = StringRef());
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uart
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
index f0ee53d028..eedf590eca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import socket
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_DATA_BITS, CONF_PARITY, CONF_STOP_BITS
-from esphome.components.uart import UARTComponent
+from esphome.components.uart import CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX, UARTComponent
 from esphome.components.usb_host import register_usb_client, usb_device_schema
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ def channel_schema(channels, baud_rate_required):
                             ),
                             cv.Optional(CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER, default=False): cv.boolean,
                             cv.Optional(CONF_DEBUG, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                            cv.Optional(CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX, default=""): cv.string,
                         }
                     )
                 ),
@@ -129,6 +130,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cg.add(chvar.set_baud_rate(channel[CONF_BAUD_RATE]))
             cg.add(chvar.set_dummy_receiver(channel[CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER]))
             cg.add(chvar.set_debug(channel[CONF_DEBUG]))
+            if channel[CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX]:
+                cg.add(chvar.set_debug_prefix(channel[CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX]))
             cg.add(var.add_channel(chvar))
             if channel[CONF_DEBUG]:
                 cg.add_define("USE_UART_DEBUGGER")
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
index e20bbd02db..a1f8738491 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ void USBUartChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
       size_t n = std::min(len - off, BATCH);
       memcpy(buf, ">>> ", 4);
       format_hex_pretty_to(buf + 4, sizeof(buf) - 4, data + off, n, ',');
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", buf);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s%s", this->debug_prefix_.c_str(), buf);
     }
   }
 #endif
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ void USBUartComponent::loop() {
       char buf[4 + format_hex_pretty_size(UsbDataChunk::MAX_CHUNK_SIZE)];  // "<<< " + hex
       memcpy(buf, "<<< ", 4);
       format_hex_pretty_to(buf + 4, sizeof(buf) - 4, chunk->data, chunk->length, ',');
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", buf);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s%s", channel->debug_prefix_.c_str(), buf);
     }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
index 0d471e46f6..7290f8a958 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h"
 #include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartCompon
   void set_parity(UARTParityOptions parity) { this->parity_ = parity; }
   void set_debug(bool debug) { this->debug_ = debug; }
   void set_dummy_receiver(bool dummy_receiver) { this->dummy_receiver_ = dummy_receiver; }
+  void set_debug_prefix(const char *prefix) { this->debug_prefix_ = StringRef(prefix); }
 
   /// Register a callback invoked immediately after data is pushed to the input ring buffer.
   /// Called from USBUartComponent::loop() in the main loop context.
@@ -138,6 +140,7 @@ class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartCompon
   const uint8_t index_;
   bool debug_{};
   bool dummy_receiver_{};
+  StringRef debug_prefix_{};
 };
 
 class USBUartComponent : public usb_host::USBClient {
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml
index b053290a8b..2eae37e824 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 esphome:
   on_boot:
     then:
-      - uart.write: 'Hello World'
-      - uart.write: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: 'Hello World'
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
 
 uart:
-  - id: uart_uart
+  - id: uart_id
     tx_pin: 4
     rx_pin: 5
     flow_control_pin: 6
@@ -16,3 +20,9 @@ uart:
     rx_timeout: 1
     parity: EVEN
     stop_bits: 2
+  - id: uart_debug
+    tx_pin: 18
+    rx_pin: 19
+    baud_rate: 115200
+    debug:
+      debug_prefix: "[UART1] "
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 2a97f9a5de..fa76316b9c 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 esphome:
   on_boot:
     then:
-      - uart.write: 'Hello World'
-      - uart.write: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
-      - uart.write: !lambda |-
-          return {0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC};
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: 'Hello World'
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: !lambda |-
+            return {0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC};
 
 uart:
-  - id: uart_uart
+  - id: uart_id
     tx_pin: 17
     rx_pin: 16
     flow_control_pin: 4
@@ -18,32 +24,54 @@ uart:
     rx_timeout: 1
     parity: EVEN
     stop_bits: 2
+  - id: uart_debug
+    tx_pin: 21
+    rx_pin: 22
+    baud_rate: 115200
+    debug:
+      debug_prefix: "[UART1] "
+  - id: uart_debug_custom
+    tx_pin: 25
+    rx_pin: 26
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    debug:
+      debug_prefix: "[UART2] "
+      after:
+        delimiter: "\n"
+      sequence:
+        - lambda: UARTDebug::log_string(direction, bytes, debug_prefix);
+  - id: uart_debug_no_prefix
+    tx_pin: 32
+    rx_pin: 33
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    debug:
 
 packet_transport:
   - platform: uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
 
 switch:
   # Test uart switch with single state (array)
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Switch Single Array"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data: [0x01, 0x02, 0x03]
   # Test uart switch with single state (string)
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Switch Single String"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data: "ON"
   # Test uart switch with turn_on/turn_off (arrays)
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Switch Dual Array"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data:
       turn_on: [0xA0, 0xA1, 0xA2]
       turn_off: [0xB0, 0xB1, 0xB2]
   # Test uart switch with turn_on/turn_off (strings)
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Switch Dual String"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data:
       turn_on: "TURN_ON"
       turn_off: "TURN_OFF"
@@ -61,24 +89,26 @@ button:
   # Test uart button with array data
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Button Array"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data: [0xFF, 0xEE, 0xDD]
   # Test uart button with string data
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Button String"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data: "BUTTON_PRESS"
   # Test uart button with lambda (function pointer)
   - platform: template
     name: "UART Lambda Test"
     on_press:
-      - uart.write: !lambda |-
-          std::string cmd = "VALUE=" + str_sprintf("%.0f", id(test_number).state) + "\r\n";
-          return std::vector<uint8_t>(cmd.begin(), cmd.end());
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: !lambda |-
+            std::string cmd = "VALUE=" + str_sprintf("%.0f", id(test_number).state) + "\r\n";
+            return std::vector<uint8_t>(cmd.begin(), cmd.end());
 
 event:
   - platform: uart
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     name: "UART Event"
     event_types:
       - "string_event_A": "*A#"
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/uart/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index c2670b289a..4c9d6fd736 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/uart/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 esphome:
   on_boot:
     then:
-      - uart.write: 'Hello World'
-      - uart.write: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: 'Hello World'
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
 
 uart:
-  - id: uart_uart
+  - id: uart_id
     tx_pin: 4
     rx_pin: 5
     baud_rate: 9600
@@ -13,15 +17,21 @@ uart:
     rx_buffer_size: 512
     parity: EVEN
     stop_bits: 2
+  - id: uart_debug
+    tx_pin: 14
+    rx_pin: 12
+    baud_rate: 115200
+    debug:
+      debug_prefix: "[UART1] "
 
 switch:
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Switch Array"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data: [0x01, 0x02, 0x03]
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Switch Dual"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data:
       turn_on: [0xA0, 0xA1]
       turn_off: [0xB0, 0xB1]
@@ -29,12 +39,12 @@ switch:
 button:
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Button"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data: [0xFF, 0xEE]
 
 event:
   - platform: uart
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     name: "UART Event"
     event_types:
       - "string_event_A": "*A#"
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/test.host.yaml b/tests/components/uart/test.host.yaml
index 63f0ade084..bc64245c7b 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/test.host.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/uart/test.host.yaml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ esphome:
       - uart.write: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
 
 uart:
-  - id: uart_uart
+  - id: uart_id
     port: "/dev/ttyS0"
     baud_rate: 9600
     data_bits: 8
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/uart/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 09178f1663..5eb2b533ea 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/uart/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 esphome:
   on_boot:
     then:
-      - uart.write: 'Hello World'
-      - uart.write: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: 'Hello World'
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
 
 uart:
-  - id: uart_uart
+  - id: uart_id
     tx_pin: 4
     rx_pin: 5
     baud_rate: 9600
@@ -13,3 +17,9 @@ uart:
     rx_buffer_size: 512
     parity: EVEN
     stop_bits: 2
+  - id: uart_debug
+    tx_pin: 8
+    rx_pin: 9
+    baud_rate: 115200
+    debug:
+      debug_prefix: "[UART1] "
diff --git a/tests/components/usb_uart/common.yaml b/tests/components/usb_uart/common.yaml
index 474c3f5c8d..5869b9468b 100644
--- a/tests/components/usb_uart/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/usb_uart/common.yaml
@@ -34,3 +34,11 @@ usb_uart:
       - id: channel_4_1
         debug: true
         dummy_receiver: true
+        debug_prefix: "[ESP_JTAG] "
+  - id: uart_5
+    type: cp210x
+    channels:
+      - id: channel_5_1
+        baud_rate: 9600
+        debug: true
+        debug_prefix: "[CP210X] "