diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature.cpp b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature.cpp
index 34d7baf880..567ae6170e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature.cpp
@@ -22,11 +22,18 @@ extern "C" {
 uint32_t temp_single_get_current_temperature(uint32_t *temp_value);
 }
 #endif  // USE_BK72XX
+#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_NRF52)
+#include <zephyr/device.h>
+#include <zephyr/drivers/sensor.h>
+#endif  // USE_ZEPHYR && USE_NRF52
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace internal_temperature {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "internal_temperature";
+#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_NRF52)
+static const struct device *const DIE_TEMPERATURE_SENSOR = DEVICE_DT_GET_ONE(nordic_nrf_temp);
+#endif  // USE_ZEPHYR && USE_NRF52
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) || \
     defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2) || \
@@ -36,6 +43,37 @@ static temperature_sensor_handle_t tsensNew = NULL;
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
 void InternalTemperatureSensor::update() {
+#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_NRF52)
+  struct sensor_value value;
+  int result = sensor_sample_fetch(DIE_TEMPERATURE_SENSOR);
+  if (result != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to fetch nRF52 die temperature sample (%d)", result);
+    if (!this->has_state()) {
+      this->publish_state(NAN);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  result = sensor_channel_get(DIE_TEMPERATURE_SENSOR, SENSOR_CHAN_DIE_TEMP, &value);
+  if (result != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to get nRF52 die temperature (%d)", result);
+    if (!this->has_state()) {
+      this->publish_state(NAN);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const float temperature = value.val1 + (value.val2 / 1000000.0f);
+  if (std::isfinite(temperature)) {
+    this->publish_state(temperature);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring invalid nRF52 temperature (value=%.1f)", temperature);
+    if (!this->has_state()) {
+      this->publish_state(NAN);
+    }
+  }
+#else
+
   float temperature = NAN;
   bool success = false;
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
@@ -79,9 +117,17 @@ void InternalTemperatureSensor::update() {
       this->publish_state(NAN);
     }
   }
+#endif  // USE_ZEPHYR && USE_NRF52
 }
 
 void InternalTemperatureSensor::setup() {
+#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_NRF52)
+  if (!device_is_ready(DIE_TEMPERATURE_SENSOR)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "nRF52 die temperature sensor device %s not ready", DIE_TEMPERATURE_SENSOR->name);
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+#endif  // USE_ZEPHYR && USE_NRF52
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) || \
     defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2) || \
diff --git a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py
index 93b98a30f4..965e7f0520 100644
--- a/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/internal_temperature/sensor.py
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
+from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_add_prj_conf
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
     PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PLATFORM_NRF52,
     PLATFORM_RP2040,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
 )
+from esphome.core import CORE
 
 internal_temperature_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("internal_temperature")
 InternalTemperatureSensor = internal_temperature_ns.class_(
@@ -25,10 +28,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
     ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s")),
-    cv.only_on([PLATFORM_ESP32, PLATFORM_RP2040, PLATFORM_BK72XX]),
+    cv.only_on([PLATFORM_ESP32, PLATFORM_RP2040, PLATFORM_BK72XX, PLATFORM_NRF52]),
 )
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+    if CORE.using_zephyr and CORE.is_nrf52:
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("SENSOR", True)
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("TEMP_NRF5", True)
diff --git a/tests/components/internal_temperature/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml b/tests/components/internal_temperature/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/internal_temperature/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml