Jinja expressions in configs (Take #3) (#8955)

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/.gitignore

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+*.received.yaml

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/00-simple_var.approved.yaml

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+substitutions:
+  var1: '1'
+  var2: '2'
+  var21: '79'
+esphome:
+  name: test
+test_list:
+  - '1'
+  - '1'
+  - '1'
+  - '1'
+  - 'Values: 1 2'
+  - 'Value: 79'
+  - 1 + 2
+  - 1 * 2
+  - 'Undefined var: ${undefined_var}'
+  - ${undefined_var}
+  - $undefined_var
+  - ${ undefined_var }

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/00-simple_var.input.yaml

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+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+substitutions:
+  var1: "1"
+  var2: "2"
+  var21: "79"
+
+test_list:
+  - "$var1"
+  - "${var1}"
+  - $var1
+  - ${var1}
+  - "Values: $var1 ${var2}"
+  - "Value: ${var2${var1}}"
+  - "$var1 + $var2"
+  - "${ var1 } * ${ var2 }"
+  - "Undefined var: ${undefined_var}"
+  - ${undefined_var}
+  - $undefined_var
+  - ${ undefined_var }

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/01-include.approved.yaml

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+substitutions:
+  var1: '1'
+  var2: '2'
+  a: alpha
+test_list:
+  - values:
+      - var1: '1'
+      - a: A
+      - b: B-default
+      - c: The value of C is C
+  - values:
+      - var1: '1'
+      - a: alpha
+      - b: beta
+      - c: The value of C is $c

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/01-include.input.yaml

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+substitutions:
+  var1: "1"
+  var2: "2"
+  a: "alpha"
+
+test_list:
+  - !include
+    file: inc1.yaml
+    vars:
+      a: "A"
+      c: "C"
+  - !include
+    file: inc1.yaml
+    vars:
+      b: "beta"

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/02-expressions.approved.yaml

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+substitutions:
+  width: 7
+  height: 8
+  enabled: true
+  pin: &id001
+    number: 18
+    inverted: true
+  area: 25
+  numberOne: 1
+  var1: 79
+test_list:
+  - The area is 56
+  - 56
+  - 56 + 1
+  - ENABLED
+  - list:
+      - 7
+      - 8
+  - width: 7
+    height: 8
+  - *id001
+  - The pin number is 18
+  - The square root is: 5.0
+  - The number is 80

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/02-expressions.input.yaml

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+substitutions:
+  width: 7
+  height: 8
+  enabled: true
+  pin:
+    number: 18
+    inverted: true
+  area: 25
+  numberOne: 1
+  var1: 79
+
+test_list:
+  - "The area is ${width * height}"
+  - ${width * height}
+  - ${width * height} + 1
+  - ${enabled and "ENABLED" or "DISABLED"}
+  - list: ${ [width, height] }
+  - "${ {'width': width, 'height': height} }"
+  - ${pin}
+  - The pin number is ${pin.number}
+  - The square root is: ${math.sqrt(area)}
+  - The number is ${var${numberOne} + 1}

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/03-closures.approved.yaml

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+substitutions:
+  B: 5
+  var7: 79
+package_result:
+  - The value of A*B is 35, where A is a package var and B is a substitution in the
+    root file
+  - Double substitution also works; the value of var7 is 79, where A is a package
+    var
+local_results:
+  - The value of B is 5
+  - 'You will see, however, that
+
+    ${A} is not substituted here, since
+
+    it is out of scope.
+
+    '

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/03-closures.input.yaml

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+substitutions:
+  B: 5
+  var7: 79
+
+packages:
+  closures_package: !include
+    file: closures_package.yaml
+    vars:
+      A: 7
+
+local_results:
+  - The value of B is ${B}
+  - |
+    You will see, however, that
+    ${A} is not substituted here, since
+    it is out of scope.

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/04-display_example.approved.yaml

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+display:
+  - platform: ili9xxx
+    dimensions:
+      width: 960
+      height: 544

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/04-display_example.input.yaml

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+# main.yaml
+packages:
+  my_display: !include
+    file: display.yaml
+    vars:
+      high_dpi: true
+      native_height: 272

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/closures_package.yaml

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+package_result:
+  - The value of A*B is ${A * B}, where A is a package var and B is a substitution in the root file
+  - Double substitution also works; the value of var7 is ${var$A}, where A is a package var

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/display.yaml

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+# display.yaml
+
+defaults:
+  native_width: 480
+  native_height: 480
+
+display:
+  - platform: ili9xxx
+    dimensions:
+      width: ${high_dpi and native_width * 2 or native_width}
+      height: ${high_dpi and native_height * 2 or native_height}

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/inc1.yaml

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+defaults:
+  b: "B-default"
+
+values:
+  - var1: $var1
+  - a: $a
+  - b: ${b}
+  - c: The value of C is $c