diff --git a/esphome/components/tinyusb/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tinyusb/__init__.py
index 724f65721b7..0e02ff87247 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tinyusb/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tinyusb/__init__.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.const import CONF_HARDWARE_UART, CONF_ID
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 CONFLICTS_WITH = ["usb_host"]
@@ -55,6 +55,17 @@ def _final_validate(config):
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "The 'tinyusb' component requires at least one USB class component"
         )
+    # tinyusb owns the USB OTG peripheral. The logger's USB_CDC backend routes
+    # the ROM console through that same peripheral, so the two cannot coexist.
+    # (USB_SERIAL_JTAG is a separate peripheral and is fine alongside tinyusb.)
+    logger_config = full_config.get("logger")
+    if logger_config and logger_config.get(CONF_HARDWARE_UART) == "USB_CDC":
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "'tinyusb' cannot be used with 'logger.hardware_uart: USB_CDC' "
+            "because both share the USB OTG peripheral. Set "
+            "'logger.hardware_uart' to a hardware UART (e.g. UART0), or to "
+            "USB_SERIAL_JTAG on variants that support it (ESP32-S3, ESP32-P4)"
+        )
     return config
 
 
diff --git a/tests/components/tinyusb/test.esp32-s2-idf.yaml b/tests/components/tinyusb/test.esp32-s2-idf.yaml
index dade44d145b..09b98ada401 100644
--- a/tests/components/tinyusb/test.esp32-s2-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/tinyusb/test.esp32-s2-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,6 @@
 <<: !include common.yaml
+
+# S2 defaults logger to USB_CDC, which conflicts with tinyusb on the shared
+# USB OTG peripheral; route the logger to UART0 so the fixture builds.
+logger:
+  hardware_uart: UART0
diff --git a/tests/components/usb_cdc_acm/test.esp32-s2-idf.yaml b/tests/components/usb_cdc_acm/test.esp32-s2-idf.yaml
index f159b38ff6f..ff757315097 100644
--- a/tests/components/usb_cdc_acm/test.esp32-s2-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/usb_cdc_acm/test.esp32-s2-idf.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 <<: !include tinyusb_common.yaml
 
+# S2 defaults logger to USB_CDC, which conflicts with tinyusb on the shared
+# USB OTG peripheral; route the logger to UART0 so the fixture builds.
+logger:
+  hardware_uart: UART0
+
 usb_cdc_acm:
   interfaces:
     - id: usb_cdc_acm1