ardupilot/ArduPlane/is_flying.cpp

#include "Plane.h"

#include <AP_Stats/AP_Stats.h>     // statistics library

/*
  is_flying and crash detection logic
 */

#define CRASH_DETECTION_DELAY_MS            500  // milliseconds
#define IS_FLYING_IMPACT_TIMER_MS           3000  // milliseconds

#define GPS_IS_FLYING_SPEED_MS              1.5  // metres/second

/*
  Do we think we are flying?
  Probabilistic method where a bool is low-passed and considered a probability.
*/
void Plane::update_is_flying_5Hz(void)
{
    float aspeed=0;
    bool is_flying_bool = false;
    uint32_t now_ms = AP_HAL::millis();

    const float ground_speed_thresh_ms = (aparm.min_groundspeed > 0) ? (aparm.min_groundspeed*0.9) : GPS_IS_FLYING_SPEED_MS;
    bool gps_confirmed_movement = (gps.status() >= AP_GPS::GPS_OK_FIX_3D) &&
                                    (gps.ground_speed() >= ground_speed_thresh_ms);

    // airspeed at least 75% of stall speed?
    const float airspeed_threshold = MAX(aparm.airspeed_min,2)*0.75f;
    bool airspeed_movement = ahrs.airspeed_EAS(aspeed) && (aspeed >= airspeed_threshold);

    if (gps.status() < AP_GPS::GPS_OK_FIX_2D && arming.is_armed() && !airspeed_movement && isFlyingProbability > 0.3) {
        // when flying with no GPS, use the last airspeed estimate to
        // determine if we think we have airspeed movement. This
        // prevents the crash detector from triggering when
        // dead-reckoning under long GPS loss
        airspeed_movement = aspeed >= airspeed_threshold;
    }

#if HAL_QUADPLANE_ENABLED
    is_flying_bool = quadplane.is_flying();
#endif
    if (is_flying_bool) {
        // no need to look further
    } else if(arming.is_armed()) {
        // when armed assuming flying and we need overwhelming evidence that we ARE NOT flying
        // short drop-outs of GPS are common during flight due to banking which points the antenna in different directions
        bool gps_lost_recently = (gps.last_fix_time_ms() > 0) && // we have locked to GPS before
                        (gps.status() < AP_GPS::GPS_OK_FIX_2D) && // and it's lost now
                        (now_ms - gps.last_fix_time_ms() < 5000); // but it wasn't that long ago (<5s)

        if ((auto_state.last_flying_ms > 0) && gps_lost_recently) {
            // we've flown before, remove GPS constraints temporarily and only use airspeed
            is_flying_bool = airspeed_movement; // moving through the air
        } else {
            // Because ahrs.airspeed_estimate can return a continued high value after landing if flying in
            // strong winds above stall speed it is necessary to include the IMU based movement check.
            is_flying_bool = (airspeed_movement && !AP::ins().is_still()) || // moving through the air
                                gps_confirmed_movement; // locked and we're moving
        }

        if (control_mode == &mode_auto) {
            /*
              make is_flying() more accurate during various auto modes
             */

            // Detect X-axis deceleration for probable ground impacts.
            // Limit the max probability so it can decay faster. This
            // will not change the is_flying state, anything above 0.1
            // is "true", it just allows it to decay faster once we decide we
            // aren't flying using the normal schemes
            if (g.crash_accel_threshold == 0) {
                crash_state.impact_detected = false;
            } else if (ins.get_accel_peak_hold_neg_x() < -(g.crash_accel_threshold)) {
                // large deceleration detected, lets lower confidence VERY quickly
                crash_state.impact_detected = true;
                crash_state.impact_timer_ms = now_ms;
                if (isFlyingProbability > 0.2f) {
                    isFlyingProbability = 0.2f;
                }
            } else if (crash_state.impact_detected &&
                (now_ms - crash_state.impact_timer_ms > IS_FLYING_IMPACT_TIMER_MS)) {
                // no impacts seen in a while, clear the flag so we stop clipping isFlyingProbability
                crash_state.impact_detected = false;
            }

            switch (flight_stage)
            {
            case AP_FixedWing::FlightStage::TAKEOFF:
                break;

            case AP_FixedWing::FlightStage::NORMAL:
                if (in_preLaunch_flight_stage()) {
                    // while on the ground, an uncalibrated airspeed sensor can drift to 7m/s so
                    // ensure we aren't showing a false positive.
                    is_flying_bool = false;
                    crash_state.is_crashed = false;
                    auto_state.started_flying_in_auto_ms = 0;
                }
                break;

            case AP_FixedWing::FlightStage::VTOL:
                // TODO: detect ground impacts
                break;

            case AP_FixedWing::FlightStage::LAND:
                if (landing.is_on_approach() && auto_state.sink_rate > 0.2f) {
                    is_flying_bool = true;
                }
                break;

            case AP_FixedWing::FlightStage::ABORT_LANDING:
                if (auto_state.sink_rate < -0.5f) {
                    // steep climb
                    is_flying_bool = true;
                }
                break;

            default:
                break;
            } // switch
        }
    } else {
        // when disarmed assume not flying and need overwhelming evidence that we ARE flying
        is_flying_bool = airspeed_movement && gps_confirmed_movement;

        if ((flight_stage == AP_FixedWing::FlightStage::TAKEOFF) || landing.is_flaring()) {
            is_flying_bool = false;
        }
    }

    if (!crash_state.impact_detected || !is_flying_bool) {
        // when impact is detected, enforce a clip. Only allow isFlyingProbability to go down, not up.
        // low-pass the result.
        // coef=0.15f @ 5Hz takes 3.0s to go from 100% down to 10% (or 0% up to 90%)
        isFlyingProbability = (0.85f * isFlyingProbability) + (0.15f * (float)is_flying_bool);
    }

    /*
      update last_flying_ms so we always know how long we have not
      been flying for. This helps for crash detection and auto-disarm
     */
    bool new_is_flying = is_flying();

    // we are flying, note the time
    if (new_is_flying) {

        auto_state.last_flying_ms = now_ms;

        if (!previous_is_flying) {
            // just started flying in any mode
            started_flying_ms = now_ms;
        }

        if ((control_mode == &mode_auto) &&
            ((auto_state.started_flying_in_auto_ms == 0) || !previous_is_flying) ) {

            // We just started flying, note that time also
            auto_state.started_flying_in_auto_ms = now_ms;
        }
    }
    previous_is_flying = new_is_flying;
#if HAL_ADSB_ENABLED
    adsb.set_is_flying(new_is_flying);
#endif
#if HAL_PARACHUTE_ENABLED
    parachute.set_is_flying(new_is_flying);
#endif
#if AP_STATS_ENABLED
    AP::stats()->set_flying(new_is_flying);
#endif
    AP_Notify::flags.flying = new_is_flying;

    crash_detection_update();

#if HAL_LOGGING_ENABLED
    Log_Write_Status();
#endif

    // tell AHRS flying state
    set_likely_flying(new_is_flying);

    // conservative ground mode value for rate D suppression
    ground_mode = !is_flying() && !arming.is_armed_and_safety_off();
}

/*
  return true if we think we are flying. This is a probabilistic
  estimate, and needs to be used very carefully. Each use case needs
  to be thought about individually.
 */
bool Plane::is_flying(void)
{
    if (arming.is_armed_and_safety_off()) {
#if HAL_QUADPLANE_ENABLED
        if (quadplane.is_flying_vtol()) {
            return true;
        }
#endif
        // when armed, assume we're flying unless we probably aren't
        return (isFlyingProbability >= 0.1f);
    }

    // when disarmed, assume we're not flying unless we probably are
    return (isFlyingProbability >= 0.9f);
}

/*
 * Determine if we have crashed
 */
void Plane::crash_detection_update(void)
{
    if (control_mode != &mode_auto || !aparm.crash_detection_enable)
    {
        // crash detection is only available in AUTO mode
        crash_state.debounce_timer_ms = 0;
        crash_state.is_crashed = false;
        return;
    }

    uint32_t now_ms = AP_HAL::millis();
    bool crashed_near_land_waypoint = false;
    bool crashed = false;
    bool been_auto_flying = (auto_state.started_flying_in_auto_ms > 0) &&
                            (now_ms - auto_state.started_flying_in_auto_ms >= 2500);

    if (!is_flying() && arming.is_armed())
    {
        if (landing.is_expecting_impact()) {
            // We should be nice and level-ish in this flight stage. If not, we most
            // likely had a crazy landing. Throttle is inhibited already at the flare
            // but go ahead and notify GCS and perform any additional post-crash actions.
            // Declare a crash if we are oriented more that 60deg in pitch or roll
            if (!crash_state.checkedHardLanding && // only check once
                been_auto_flying &&
                (fabsf(ahrs.get_roll_deg()) > 60 || fabsf(ahrs.get_pitch_deg()) > 60)) {
                crashed = true;

                // did we "crash" within 75m of the landing location? Probably just a hard landing
                crashed_near_land_waypoint =
                        current_loc.get_distance(mission.get_current_nav_cmd().content.location) < 75;

                // trigger hard landing event right away, or never again. This inhibits a false hard landing
                // event when, for example, a minute after a good landing you pick the plane up and
                // this logic is still running and detects the plane is on its side as you carry it.
                crash_state.debounce_timer_ms = now_ms;
                crash_state.debounce_time_total_ms = 0; // no debounce
            }

            crash_state.checkedHardLanding = true;

        } else if (landing.is_on_approach()) {
            // when altitude gets low, we automatically flare so ground crashes
            // most likely can not be triggered from here. However,
            // a crash into a tree would be caught here.
            if (been_auto_flying) {
                crashed = true;
                crash_state.debounce_time_total_ms = CRASH_DETECTION_DELAY_MS;
            }

        } else {
            switch (flight_stage)
            {
            case AP_FixedWing::FlightStage::TAKEOFF:
                if (g2.takeoff_throttle_accel_count == 1 && g.takeoff_throttle_min_accel > 0 &&
                    !throttle_suppressed) {
                    // if launching requires a single acceleration event and it
                    // has already happened but the aircraft is still not
                    // flying, then you either shook/hit the plane or it was a
                    // failed launch.
                    crashed = true;
                    crash_state.debounce_time_total_ms = CRASH_DETECTION_DELAY_MS;
                }
                // TODO: handle auto missions without NAV_TAKEOFF mission cmd
                break;

            case AP_FixedWing::FlightStage::NORMAL:
                if (!in_preLaunch_flight_stage() && been_auto_flying) {
                    crashed = true;
                    crash_state.debounce_time_total_ms = CRASH_DETECTION_DELAY_MS;
                }
                break;

            case AP_FixedWing::FlightStage::VTOL:
                // we need a totally new method for this
                crashed = false;
                break;

            default:
                break;
            } // switch
        }
    } else {
        crash_state.checkedHardLanding = false;
    }

    // if we have no GPS lock and we don't have a functional airspeed
    // sensor then don't do crash detection
    if (gps.status() < AP_GPS::GPS_OK_FIX_3D) {
#if AP_AIRSPEED_ENABLED
        if (!airspeed.use() || !airspeed.healthy()) {
            crashed = false;
        }
#else
        crashed = false;
#endif
    }

    if (!crashed) {
        // reset timer
        crash_state.debounce_timer_ms = 0;

    } else if (crash_state.debounce_timer_ms == 0) {
        // start timer
        crash_state.debounce_timer_ms = now_ms;

    } else if ((now_ms - crash_state.debounce_timer_ms >= crash_state.debounce_time_total_ms) && !crash_state.is_crashed) {
        crash_state.is_crashed = true;
        if (aparm.crash_detection_enable & CRASH_DETECT_ACTION_BITMASK_DISARM) {
            arming.disarm(AP_Arming::Method::CRASH);
        }
        if (crashed_near_land_waypoint) {
            gcs().send_text(MAV_SEVERITY_CRITICAL, "Hard landing detected");
        } else {
            gcs().send_text(MAV_SEVERITY_EMERGENCY, "Crash detected");
        }
    }
}

/*
 * return true if we are in a pre-launch phase of an auto-launch, typically used in bungee launches
 */
bool Plane::in_preLaunch_flight_stage(void)
{
    if (control_mode == &mode_takeoff && throttle_suppressed) {
        return true;
    }
#if HAL_QUADPLANE_ENABLED
    if (quadplane.is_vtol_takeoff(mission.get_current_nav_cmd().id)) {
        return false;
    }
#endif
    return (control_mode == &mode_auto &&
            throttle_suppressed &&
            flight_stage == AP_FixedWing::FlightStage::NORMAL &&
            mission.get_current_nav_cmd().id == MAV_CMD_NAV_TAKEOFF);
}