diff --git a/books/kernel-sample/sample/connector/Makefile b/books/kernel-sample/sample/connector/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3faaa46 --- /dev/null +++ b/books/kernel-sample/sample/connector/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +# +# Makefile for the LDD-LinuxDeviceDrivers. +# +# Author: gatieme +# Create: 2016-07-29 15:50:46 +# Last modified: 2016-07-29 16:10:29 +# Description: +# This program is loaded as a kernel(v2.6.18 or later) module. +# Use "make install" to load it into kernel. +# Use "make remove" to remove the module out of kernel. +# +# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +# my driver description +DRIVER_VERSION := "1.0.0" +DRIVER_AUTHOR := "Gatieme @ AderStep Inc..." +DRIVER_DESC := "Linux input module for Elo MultiTouch(MT) devices" +DRIVER_LICENSE := "Dual BSD/GPL" + + +MODULE_NAME := cn_test + +#CFG_FLAGS += -O2 -I./ +#EXTRA_CFLAGS += $(C_FLAGS) $(CFG_INC) $(CFG_INC) +MODCFLAGS:=-O6 -Wall -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ -DLINUX -I$(PWD) -std=c99 + + + +ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),) + + + + +obj-m := $(MODULE_NAME).o #print_vmarea.o + +else + +KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build + +PWD := $(shell pwd) + +modules: + make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules + +modules_install: + make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install + + + +insmod: + sudo insmod $(MODULE_NAME).ko + +reinsmod: + sudo rmmod $(MODULE_NAME) + sudo insmod $(MODULE_NAME).ko + +github: + cd $(ROOT) && make github + +rmmod: + sudo rmmod $(MODULE_NAME) + +test : + sudo ../injector/memInjector -l stack -m random -t word_0 --time 1 --timeout 3 -p 1 + +clean: + make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) clean + rm -f modules.order Module.symvers Module.markers + +.PHNOY: + modules modules_install clean + + + +endif + diff --git a/books/kernel-sample/sample/connector/cn_test.c b/books/kernel-sample/sample/connector/cn_test.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..126041b --- /dev/null +++ b/books/kernel-sample/sample/connector/cn_test.c @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +/* + * cn_test.c + * + * 2004+ Copyright (c) Evgeniy Polyakov + * All rights reserved. + * + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or + * (at your option) any later version. + * + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + * GNU General Public License for more details. + * + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA + */ + +#define pr_fmt(fmt) "cn_test: " fmt + +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +#include + +static struct cb_id cn_test_id = { CN_NETLINK_USERS + 3, 0x456 }; +static char cn_test_name[] = "cn_test"; +static struct sock *nls; +static struct timer_list cn_test_timer; + +static void cn_test_callback(struct cn_msg *msg, struct netlink_skb_parms *nsp) +{ + pr_info("%s: %lu: idx=%x, val=%x, seq=%u, ack=%u, len=%d: %s.\n", + __func__, jiffies, msg->id.idx, msg->id.val, + msg->seq, msg->ack, msg->len, + msg->len ? (char *)msg->data : ""); +} + +/* + * Do not remove this function even if no one is using it as + * this is an example of how to get notifications about new + * connector user registration + */ +#if 0 +static int cn_test_want_notify(void) +{ + struct cn_ctl_msg *ctl; + struct cn_notify_req *req; + struct cn_msg *msg = NULL; + int size, size0; + struct sk_buff *skb; + struct nlmsghdr *nlh; + u32 group = 1; + + size0 = sizeof(*msg) + sizeof(*ctl) + 3 * sizeof(*req); + + size = NLMSG_SPACE(size0); + + skb = alloc_skb(size, GFP_ATOMIC); + if (!skb) { + pr_err("failed to allocate new skb with size=%u\n", size); + return -ENOMEM; + } + + nlh = nlmsg_put(skb, 0, 0x123, NLMSG_DONE, size - sizeof(*nlh), 0); + if (!nlh) { + kfree_skb(skb); + return -EMSGSIZE; + } + + msg = nlmsg_data(nlh); + + memset(msg, 0, size0); + + msg->id.idx = -1; + msg->id.val = -1; + msg->seq = 0x123; + msg->ack = 0x345; + msg->len = size0 - sizeof(*msg); + + ctl = (struct cn_ctl_msg *)(msg + 1); + + ctl->idx_notify_num = 1; + ctl->val_notify_num = 2; + ctl->group = group; + ctl->len = msg->len - sizeof(*ctl); + + req = (struct cn_notify_req *)(ctl + 1); + + /* + * Idx. + */ + req->first = cn_test_id.idx; + req->range = 10; + + /* + * Val 0. + */ + req++; + req->first = cn_test_id.val; + req->range = 10; + + /* + * Val 1. + */ + req++; + req->first = cn_test_id.val + 20; + req->range = 10; + + NETLINK_CB(skb).dst_group = ctl->group; + //netlink_broadcast(nls, skb, 0, ctl->group, GFP_ATOMIC); + netlink_unicast(nls, skb, 0, 0); + + pr_info("request was sent: group=0x%x\n", ctl->group); + + return 0; +} +#endif + +static u32 cn_test_timer_counter; +static void cn_test_timer_func(unsigned long __data) +{ + struct cn_msg *m; + char data[32]; + + pr_debug("%s: timer fired with data %lu\n", __func__, __data); + + m = kzalloc(sizeof(*m) + sizeof(data), GFP_ATOMIC); + if (m) { + + memcpy(&m->id, &cn_test_id, sizeof(m->id)); + m->seq = cn_test_timer_counter; + m->len = sizeof(data); + + m->len = + scnprintf(data, sizeof(data), "counter = %u", + cn_test_timer_counter) + 1; + + memcpy(m + 1, data, m->len); + + cn_netlink_send(m, 0, GFP_ATOMIC); + kfree(m); + } + + cn_test_timer_counter++; + + mod_timer(&cn_test_timer, jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(1000)); +} + +static int cn_test_init(void) +{ + int err; + + err = cn_add_callback(&cn_test_id, cn_test_name, cn_test_callback); + if (err) + goto err_out; + cn_test_id.val++; + err = cn_add_callback(&cn_test_id, cn_test_name, cn_test_callback); + if (err) { + cn_del_callback(&cn_test_id); + goto err_out; + } + + setup_timer(&cn_test_timer, cn_test_timer_func, 0); + mod_timer(&cn_test_timer, jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(1000)); + + pr_info("initialized with id={%u.%u}\n", + cn_test_id.idx, cn_test_id.val); + + return 0; + + err_out: + if (nls && nls->sk_socket) + sock_release(nls->sk_socket); + + return err; +} + +static void cn_test_fini(void) +{ + del_timer_sync(&cn_test_timer); + cn_del_callback(&cn_test_id); + cn_test_id.val--; + cn_del_callback(&cn_test_id); + if (nls && nls->sk_socket) + sock_release(nls->sk_socket); +} + +module_init(cn_test_init); +module_exit(cn_test_fini); + +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); +MODULE_AUTHOR("Evgeniy Polyakov "); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Connector's test module"); diff --git a/books/kernel-sample/sample/connector/ucon.c b/books/kernel-sample/sample/connector/ucon.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1eb789f --- /dev/null +++ b/books/kernel-sample/sample/connector/ucon.c @@ -0,0 +1,250 @@ +/* + * ucon.c + * + * Copyright (c) 2004+ Evgeniy Polyakov + * + * + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or + * (at your option) any later version. + * + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + * GNU General Public License for more details. + * + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA + */ + +#include + +#include +#include +#include + +#include +#include + +#include + +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +#include + +#define DEBUG +#define NETLINK_CONNECTOR 11 + +/* Hopefully your userspace connector.h matches this kernel */ +#define CN_TEST_IDX CN_NETLINK_USERS + 3 +#define CN_TEST_VAL 0x456 + +#ifdef DEBUG +#define ulog(f, a...) fprintf(stdout, f, ##a) +#else +#define ulog(f, a...) do {} while (0) +#endif + +static int need_exit; +static __u32 seq; + +static int netlink_send(int s, struct cn_msg *msg) +{ + struct nlmsghdr *nlh; + unsigned int size; + int err; + char buf[128]; + struct cn_msg *m; + + size = NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct cn_msg) + msg->len); + + nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)buf; + nlh->nlmsg_seq = seq++; + nlh->nlmsg_pid = getpid(); + nlh->nlmsg_type = NLMSG_DONE; + nlh->nlmsg_len = size; + nlh->nlmsg_flags = 0; + + m = NLMSG_DATA(nlh); +#if 0 + ulog("%s: [%08x.%08x] len=%u, seq=%u, ack=%u.\n", + __func__, msg->id.idx, msg->id.val, msg->len, msg->seq, msg->ack); +#endif + memcpy(m, msg, sizeof(*m) + msg->len); + + err = send(s, nlh, size, 0); + if (err == -1) + ulog("Failed to send: %s [%d].\n", + strerror(errno), errno); + + return err; +} + +static void usage(void) +{ + printf( + "Usage: ucon [options] [output file]\n" + "\n" + "\t-h\tthis help screen\n" + "\t-s\tsend buffers to the test module\n" + "\n" + "The default behavior of ucon is to subscribe to the test module\n" + "and wait for state messages. Any ones received are dumped to the\n" + "specified output file (or stdout). The test module is assumed to\n" + "have an id of {%u.%u}\n" + "\n" + "If you get no output, then verify the cn_test module id matches\n" + "the expected id above.\n" + , CN_TEST_IDX, CN_TEST_VAL + ); +} + +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) +{ + int s; + char buf[1024]; + int len; + struct nlmsghdr *reply; + struct sockaddr_nl l_local; + struct cn_msg *data; + FILE *out; + time_t tm; + struct pollfd pfd; + bool send_msgs = false; + + while ((s = getopt(argc, argv, "hs")) != -1) { + switch (s) { + case 's': + send_msgs = true; + break; + + case 'h': + usage(); + return 0; + + default: + /* getopt() outputs an error for us */ + usage(); + return 1; + } + } + + if (argc != optind) { + out = fopen(argv[optind], "a+"); + if (!out) { + ulog("Unable to open %s for writing: %s\n", + argv[1], strerror(errno)); + out = stdout; + } + } else + out = stdout; + + memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); + + s = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_DGRAM, NETLINK_CONNECTOR); + if (s == -1) { + perror("socket"); + return -1; + } + + l_local.nl_family = AF_NETLINK; + l_local.nl_groups = -1; /* bitmask of requested groups */ + l_local.nl_pid = 0; + + ulog("subscribing to %u.%u\n", CN_TEST_IDX, CN_TEST_VAL); + + if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&l_local, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl)) == -1) { + perror("bind"); + close(s); + return -1; + } + +#if 0 + { + int on = 0x57; /* Additional group number */ + setsockopt(s, SOL_NETLINK, NETLINK_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, &on, sizeof(on)); + } +#endif + if (send_msgs) { + int i, j; + + memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); + + data = (struct cn_msg *)buf; + + data->id.idx = CN_TEST_IDX; + data->id.val = CN_TEST_VAL; + data->seq = seq++; + data->ack = 0; + data->len = 0; + + for (j=0; j<10; ++j) { + for (i=0; i<1000; ++i) { + len = netlink_send(s, data); + } + + ulog("%d messages have been sent to %08x.%08x.\n", i, data->id.idx, data->id.val); + } + + return 0; + } + + + pfd.fd = s; + + while (!need_exit) { + pfd.events = POLLIN; + pfd.revents = 0; + switch (poll(&pfd, 1, -1)) { + case 0: + need_exit = 1; + break; + case -1: + if (errno != EINTR) { + need_exit = 1; + break; + } + continue; + } + if (need_exit) + break; + + memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); + len = recv(s, buf, sizeof(buf), 0); + if (len == -1) { + perror("recv buf"); + close(s); + return -1; + } + reply = (struct nlmsghdr *)buf; + + switch (reply->nlmsg_type) { + case NLMSG_ERROR: + fprintf(out, "Error message received.\n"); + fflush(out); + break; + case NLMSG_DONE: + data = (struct cn_msg *)NLMSG_DATA(reply); + + time(&tm); + fprintf(out, "%.24s : [%x.%x] [%08u.%08u].\n", + ctime(&tm), data->id.idx, data->id.val, data->seq, data->ack); + fflush(out); + break; + default: + break; + } + } + + close(s); + return 0; +} diff --git a/books/kernel-sample/sample/kdb/Makefile b/books/kernel-sample/sample/kdb/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7ed25e --- /dev/null +++ b/books/kernel-sample/sample/kdb/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +# +# Makefile for the LDD-LinuxDeviceDrivers. +# +# Author: gatieme +# Create: 2016-07-29 15:50:46 +# Last modified: 2016-07-29 16:10:29 +# Description: +# This program is loaded as a kernel(v2.6.18 or later) module. +# Use "make install" to load it into kernel. +# Use "make remove" to remove the module out of kernel. +# +# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +# my driver description +DRIVER_VERSION := "1.0.0" +DRIVER_AUTHOR := "Gatieme @ AderStep Inc..." +DRIVER_DESC := "Linux input module for Elo MultiTouch(MT) devices" +DRIVER_LICENSE := "Dual BSD/GPL" + + +MODULE_NAME := kdb_hello + +#CFG_FLAGS += -O2 -I./ +#EXTRA_CFLAGS += $(C_FLAGS) $(CFG_INC) $(CFG_INC) +MODCFLAGS:=-O6 -Wall -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ -DLINUX -I$(PWD) -std=c99 + + + +ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),) + + + + +obj-m := $(MODULE_NAME).o #print_vmarea.o + +else + +KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build + +PWD := $(shell pwd) + +modules: + make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules + +modules_install: + make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install + + + +insmod: + sudo insmod $(MODULE_NAME).ko + +reinsmod: + sudo rmmod $(MODULE_NAME) + sudo insmod $(MODULE_NAME).ko + +github: + cd $(ROOT) && make github + +rmmod: + sudo rmmod $(MODULE_NAME) + +test : + sudo ../injector/memInjector -l stack -m random -t word_0 --time 1 --timeout 3 -p 1 + +clean: + make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) clean + rm -f modules.order Module.symvers Module.markers + +.PHNOY: + modules modules_install clean + + + +endif + diff --git a/books/kernel-sample/sample/kdb/kdb_hello.c b/books/kernel-sample/sample/kdb/kdb_hello.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b7c99b --- /dev/null +++ b/books/kernel-sample/sample/kdb/kdb_hello.c @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +/* + * Created by: Jason Wessel + * + * Copyright (c) 2010 Wind River Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. + * + * This file is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public + * License version 2. This program is licensed "as is" without any + * warranty of any kind, whether express or implied. + */ + +#include +#include + +/* + * All kdb shell command call backs receive argc and argv, where + * argv[0] is the command the end user typed + */ +static int kdb_hello_cmd(int argc, const char **argv) +{ + if (argc > 1) + return KDB_ARGCOUNT; + + if (argc) + kdb_printf("Hello %s.\n", argv[1]); + else + kdb_printf("Hello world!\n"); + + return 0; +} + + +static int __init kdb_hello_cmd_init(void) +{ + /* + * Registration of a dynamically added kdb command is done with + * kdb_register() with the arguments being: + * 1: The name of the shell command + * 2: The function that processes the command + * 3: Description of the usage of any arguments + * 4: Descriptive text when you run help + * 5: Number of characters to complete the command + * 0 == type the whole command + * 1 == match both "g" and "go" for example + */ + kdb_register("hello", kdb_hello_cmd, "[string]", + "Say Hello World or Hello [string]", 0); + return 0; +} + +static void __exit kdb_hello_cmd_exit(void) +{ + kdb_unregister("hello"); +} + +module_init(kdb_hello_cmd_init); +module_exit(kdb_hello_cmd_exit); + +MODULE_AUTHOR("WindRiver"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("KDB example to add a hello command"); +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); diff --git a/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_events/Makefile b/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_events/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a6b493 --- /dev/null +++ b/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_events/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +# +# Makefile for the LDD-LinuxDeviceDrivers. +# +# Author: gatieme +# Create: 2016-07-29 15:50:46 +# Last modified: 2016-07-29 16:10:29 +# Description: +# This program is loaded as a kernel(v2.6.18 or later) module. +# Use "make install" to load it into kernel. +# Use "make remove" to remove the module out of kernel. +# +# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +# my driver description +DRIVER_VERSION := "1.0.0" +DRIVER_AUTHOR := "Gatieme @ AderStep Inc..." +DRIVER_DESC := "Linux input module for Elo MultiTouch(MT) devices" +DRIVER_LICENSE := "Dual BSD/GPL" + + +MODULE_NAME := trace-events-sample + +#CFG_FLAGS += -O2 -I./ +#EXTRA_CFLAGS += $(C_FLAGS) $(CFG_INC) $(CFG_INC) +MODCFLAGS:=-O6 -Wall -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ -DLINUX -I$(PWD) -std=c99 + + + +ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),) + + + + +obj-m := $(MODULE_NAME).o #print_vmarea.o + +else + +KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build + +PWD := $(shell pwd) + +modules: + make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules + +modules_install: + make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install + + + +insmod: + sudo insmod $(MODULE_NAME).ko + +reinsmod: + sudo rmmod $(MODULE_NAME) + sudo insmod $(MODULE_NAME).ko + +github: + cd $(ROOT) && make github + +rmmod: + sudo rmmod $(MODULE_NAME) + +test : + sudo ../injector/memInjector -l stack -m random -t word_0 --time 1 --timeout 3 -p 1 + +clean: + make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) clean + rm -f modules.order Module.symvers Module.markers + +.PHNOY: + modules modules_install clean + + + +endif + diff --git a/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_events/trace-events-sample.c b/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_events/trace-events-sample.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81d2d46 --- /dev/null +++ b/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_events/trace-events-sample.c @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +#include +#include + +/* + * Any file that uses trace points, must include the header. + * But only one file, must include the header by defining + * CREATE_TRACE_POINTS first. This will make the C code that + * creates the handles for the trace points. + */ +#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS +#include "trace-events-sample.h" + +static const char *random_strings[] = { + "Mother Goose", + "Snoopy", + "Gandalf", + "Frodo", + "One ring to rule them all" +}; + +static void simple_thread_func(int cnt) +{ + int array[6]; + int len = cnt % 5; + int i; + + set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); + schedule_timeout(HZ); + + for (i = 0; i < len; i++) + array[i] = i + 1; + array[i] = 0; + + /* Silly tracepoints */ + trace_foo_bar("hello", cnt, array, random_strings[len], + tsk_cpus_allowed(current)); + + trace_foo_with_template_simple("HELLO", cnt); + + trace_foo_bar_with_cond("Some times print", cnt); + + trace_foo_with_template_cond("prints other times", cnt); + + trace_foo_with_template_print("I have to be different", cnt); +} + +static int simple_thread(void *arg) +{ + int cnt = 0; + + while (!kthread_should_stop()) + simple_thread_func(cnt++); + + return 0; +} + +static struct task_struct *simple_tsk; +static struct task_struct *simple_tsk_fn; + +static void simple_thread_func_fn(int cnt) +{ + set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); + schedule_timeout(HZ); + + /* More silly tracepoints */ + trace_foo_bar_with_fn("Look at me", cnt); + trace_foo_with_template_fn("Look at me too", cnt); +} + +static int simple_thread_fn(void *arg) +{ + int cnt = 0; + + while (!kthread_should_stop()) + simple_thread_func_fn(cnt++); + + return 0; +} + +static DEFINE_MUTEX(thread_mutex); + +int foo_bar_reg(void) +{ + pr_info("Starting thread for foo_bar_fn\n"); + /* + * We shouldn't be able to start a trace when the module is + * unloading (there's other locks to prevent that). But + * for consistency sake, we still take the thread_mutex. + */ + mutex_lock(&thread_mutex); + simple_tsk_fn = kthread_run(simple_thread_fn, NULL, "event-sample-fn"); + mutex_unlock(&thread_mutex); + return 0; +} + +void foo_bar_unreg(void) +{ + pr_info("Killing thread for foo_bar_fn\n"); + /* protect against module unloading */ + mutex_lock(&thread_mutex); + if (simple_tsk_fn) + kthread_stop(simple_tsk_fn); + simple_tsk_fn = NULL; + mutex_unlock(&thread_mutex); +} + +static int __init trace_event_init(void) +{ + simple_tsk = kthread_run(simple_thread, NULL, "event-sample"); + if (IS_ERR(simple_tsk)) + return -1; + + return 0; +} + +static void __exit trace_event_exit(void) +{ + kthread_stop(simple_tsk); + mutex_lock(&thread_mutex); + if (simple_tsk_fn) + kthread_stop(simple_tsk_fn); + simple_tsk_fn = NULL; + mutex_unlock(&thread_mutex); +} + +module_init(trace_event_init); +module_exit(trace_event_exit); + +MODULE_AUTHOR("Steven Rostedt"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("trace-events-sample"); +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); diff --git a/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_events/trace-events-sample.h b/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_events/trace-events-sample.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1269f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_events/trace-events-sample.h @@ -0,0 +1,523 @@ +/* + * If TRACE_SYSTEM is defined, that will be the directory created + * in the ftrace directory under /sys/kernel/tracing/events/ + * + * The define_trace.h below will also look for a file name of + * TRACE_SYSTEM.h where TRACE_SYSTEM is what is defined here. + * In this case, it would look for sample-trace.h + * + * If the header name will be different than the system name + * (as in this case), then you can override the header name that + * define_trace.h will look up by defining TRACE_INCLUDE_FILE + * + * This file is called trace-events-sample.h but we want the system + * to be called "sample-trace". Therefore we must define the name of this + * file: + * + * #define TRACE_INCLUDE_FILE trace-events-sample + * + * As we do an the bottom of this file. + * + * Notice that TRACE_SYSTEM should be defined outside of #if + * protection, just like TRACE_INCLUDE_FILE. + */ +#undef TRACE_SYSTEM +#define TRACE_SYSTEM sample-trace + +/* + * TRACE_SYSTEM is expected to be a C valid variable (alpha-numeric + * and underscore), although it may start with numbers. If for some + * reason it is not, you need to add the following lines: + */ +#undef TRACE_SYSTEM_VAR +#define TRACE_SYSTEM_VAR sample_trace +/* + * But the above is only needed if TRACE_SYSTEM is not alpha-numeric + * and underscored. By default, TRACE_SYSTEM_VAR will be equal to + * TRACE_SYSTEM. As TRACE_SYSTEM_VAR must be alpha-numeric, if + * TRACE_SYSTEM is not, then TRACE_SYSTEM_VAR must be defined with + * only alpha-numeric and underscores. + * + * The TRACE_SYSTEM_VAR is only used internally and not visible to + * user space. + */ + +/* + * Notice that this file is not protected like a normal header. + * We also must allow for rereading of this file. The + * + * || defined(TRACE_HEADER_MULTI_READ) + * + * serves this purpose. + */ +#if !defined(_TRACE_EVENT_SAMPLE_H) || defined(TRACE_HEADER_MULTI_READ) +#define _TRACE_EVENT_SAMPLE_H + +/* + * All trace headers should include tracepoint.h, until we finally + * make it into a standard header. + */ +#include + +/* + * The TRACE_EVENT macro is broken up into 5 parts. + * + * name: name of the trace point. This is also how to enable the tracepoint. + * A function called trace_foo_bar() will be created. + * + * proto: the prototype of the function trace_foo_bar() + * Here it is trace_foo_bar(char *foo, int bar). + * + * args: must match the arguments in the prototype. + * Here it is simply "foo, bar". + * + * struct: This defines the way the data will be stored in the ring buffer. + * The items declared here become part of a special structure + * called "__entry", which can be used in the fast_assign part of the + * TRACE_EVENT macro. + * + * Here are the currently defined types you can use: + * + * __field : Is broken up into type and name. Where type can be any + * primitive type (integer, long or pointer). + * + * __field(int, foo) + * + * __entry->foo = 5; + * + * __field_struct : This can be any static complex data type (struct, union + * but not an array). Be careful using complex types, as each + * event is limited in size, and copying large amounts of data + * into the ring buffer can slow things down. + * + * __field_struct(struct bar, foo) + * + * __entry->bar.x = y; + + * __array: There are three fields (type, name, size). The type is the + * type of elements in teh array, the name is the name of the array. + * size is the number of items in the array (not the total size). + * + * __array( char, foo, 10) is the same as saying: char foo[10]; + * + * Assigning arrays can be done like any array: + * + * __entry->foo[0] = 'a'; + * + * memcpy(__entry->foo, bar, 10); + * + * __dynamic_array: This is similar to array, but can vary its size from + * instance to instance of the tracepoint being called. + * Like __array, this too has three elements (type, name, size); + * type is the type of the element, name is the name of the array. + * The size is different than __array. It is not a static number, + * but the algorithm to figure out the length of the array for the + * specific instance of tracepoint. Again, size is the numebr of + * items in the array, not the total length in bytes. + * + * __dynamic_array( int, foo, bar) is similar to: int foo[bar]; + * + * Note, unlike arrays, you must use the __get_dynamic_array() macro + * to access the array. + * + * memcpy(__get_dynamic_array(foo), bar, 10); + * + * Notice, that "__entry" is not needed here. + * + * __string: This is a special kind of __dynamic_array. It expects to + * have a nul terminated character array passed to it (it allows + * for NULL too, which would be converted into "(null)"). __string + * takes two paramenter (name, src), where name is the name of + * the string saved, and src is the string to copy into the + * ring buffer. + * + * __string(foo, bar) is similar to: strcpy(foo, bar) + * + * To assign a string, use the helper macro __assign_str(). + * + * __assign_str(foo, bar); + * + * In most cases, the __assign_str() macro will take the same + * parameters as the __string() macro had to declare the string. + * + * __bitmask: This is another kind of __dynamic_array, but it expects + * an array of longs, and the number of bits to parse. It takes + * two parameters (name, nr_bits), where name is the name of the + * bitmask to save, and the nr_bits is the number of bits to record. + * + * __bitmask(target_cpu, nr_cpumask_bits) + * + * To assign a bitmask, use the __assign_bitmask() helper macro. + * + * __assign_bitmask(target_cpus, cpumask_bits(bar), nr_cpumask_bits); + * + * + * fast_assign: This is a C like function that is used to store the items + * into the ring buffer. A special variable called "__entry" will be the + * structure that points into the ring buffer and has the same fields as + * described by the struct part of TRACE_EVENT above. + * + * printk: This is a way to print out the data in pretty print. This is + * useful if the system crashes and you are logging via a serial line, + * the data can be printed to the console using this "printk" method. + * This is also used to print out the data from the trace files. + * Again, the __entry macro is used to access the data from the ring buffer. + * + * Note, __dynamic_array, __string, and __bitmask require special helpers + * to access the data. + * + * For __dynamic_array(int, foo, bar) use __get_dynamic_array(foo) + * Use __get_dynamic_array_len(foo) to get the length of the array + * saved. Note, __get_dynamic_array_len() returns the total allocated + * length of the dynamic array; __print_array() expects the second + * parameter to be the number of elements. To get that, the array length + * needs to be divided by the element size. + * + * For __string(foo, bar) use __get_str(foo) + * + * For __bitmask(target_cpus, nr_cpumask_bits) use __get_bitmask(target_cpus) + * + * + * Note, that for both the assign and the printk, __entry is the handler + * to the data structure in the ring buffer, and is defined by the + * TP_STRUCT__entry. + */ + +/* + * It is OK to have helper functions in the file, but they need to be protected + * from being defined more than once. Remember, this file gets included more + * than once. + */ +#ifndef __TRACE_EVENT_SAMPLE_HELPER_FUNCTIONS +#define __TRACE_EVENT_SAMPLE_HELPER_FUNCTIONS +static inline int __length_of(const int *list) +{ + int i; + + if (!list) + return 0; + + for (i = 0; list[i]; i++) + ; + return i; +} + +enum { + TRACE_SAMPLE_FOO = 2, + TRACE_SAMPLE_BAR = 4, + TRACE_SAMPLE_ZOO = 8, +}; +#endif + +/* + * If enums are used in the TP_printk(), their names will be shown in + * format files and not their values. This can cause problems with user + * space programs that parse the format files to know how to translate + * the raw binary trace output into human readable text. + * + * To help out user space programs, any enum that is used in the TP_printk() + * should be defined by TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM() macro. All that is needed to + * be done is to add this macro with the enum within it in the trace + * header file, and it will be converted in the output. + */ + +TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(TRACE_SAMPLE_FOO); +TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(TRACE_SAMPLE_BAR); +TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(TRACE_SAMPLE_ZOO); + +TRACE_EVENT(foo_bar, + + TP_PROTO(const char *foo, int bar, const int *lst, + const char *string, const struct cpumask *mask), + + TP_ARGS(foo, bar, lst, string, mask), + + TP_STRUCT__entry( + __array( char, foo, 10 ) + __field( int, bar ) + __dynamic_array(int, list, __length_of(lst)) + __string( str, string ) + __bitmask( cpus, num_possible_cpus() ) + ), + + TP_fast_assign( + strlcpy(__entry->foo, foo, 10); + __entry->bar = bar; + memcpy(__get_dynamic_array(list), lst, + __length_of(lst) * sizeof(int)); + __assign_str(str, string); + __assign_bitmask(cpus, cpumask_bits(mask), num_possible_cpus()); + ), + + TP_printk("foo %s %d %s %s %s %s (%s)", __entry->foo, __entry->bar, + +/* + * Notice here the use of some helper functions. This includes: + * + * __print_symbolic( variable, { value, "string" }, ... ), + * + * The variable is tested against each value of the { } pair. If + * the variable matches one of the values, then it will print the + * string in that pair. If non are matched, it returns a string + * version of the number (if __entry->bar == 7 then "7" is returned). + */ + __print_symbolic(__entry->bar, + { 0, "zero" }, + { TRACE_SAMPLE_FOO, "TWO" }, + { TRACE_SAMPLE_BAR, "FOUR" }, + { TRACE_SAMPLE_ZOO, "EIGHT" }, + { 10, "TEN" } + ), + +/* + * __print_flags( variable, "delim", { value, "flag" }, ... ), + * + * This is similar to __print_symbolic, except that it tests the bits + * of the value. If ((FLAG & variable) == FLAG) then the string is + * printed. If more than one flag matches, then each one that does is + * also printed with delim in between them. + * If not all bits are accounted for, then the not found bits will be + * added in hex format: 0x506 will show BIT2|BIT4|0x500 + */ + __print_flags(__entry->bar, "|", + { 1, "BIT1" }, + { 2, "BIT2" }, + { 4, "BIT3" }, + { 8, "BIT4" } + ), +/* + * __print_array( array, len, element_size ) + * + * This prints out the array that is defined by __array in a nice format. + */ + __print_array(__get_dynamic_array(list), + __get_dynamic_array_len(list) / sizeof(int), + sizeof(int)), + __get_str(str), __get_bitmask(cpus)) +); + +/* + * There may be a case where a tracepoint should only be called if + * some condition is set. Otherwise the tracepoint should not be called. + * But to do something like: + * + * if (cond) + * trace_foo(); + * + * Would cause a little overhead when tracing is not enabled, and that + * overhead, even if small, is not something we want. As tracepoints + * use static branch (aka jump_labels), where no branch is taken to + * skip the tracepoint when not enabled, and a jmp is placed to jump + * to the tracepoint code when it is enabled, having a if statement + * nullifies that optimization. It would be nice to place that + * condition within the static branch. This is where TRACE_EVENT_CONDITION + * comes in. + * + * TRACE_EVENT_CONDITION() is just like TRACE_EVENT, except it adds another + * parameter just after args. Where TRACE_EVENT has: + * + * TRACE_EVENT(name, proto, args, struct, assign, printk) + * + * the CONDITION version has: + * + * TRACE_EVENT_CONDITION(name, proto, args, cond, struct, assign, printk) + * + * Everything is the same as TRACE_EVENT except for the new cond. Think + * of the cond variable as: + * + * if (cond) + * trace_foo_bar_with_cond(); + * + * Except that the logic for the if branch is placed after the static branch. + * That is, the if statement that processes the condition will not be + * executed unless that traecpoint is enabled. Otherwise it still remains + * a nop. + */ +TRACE_EVENT_CONDITION(foo_bar_with_cond, + + TP_PROTO(const char *foo, int bar), + + TP_ARGS(foo, bar), + + TP_CONDITION(!(bar % 10)), + + TP_STRUCT__entry( + __string( foo, foo ) + __field( int, bar ) + ), + + TP_fast_assign( + __assign_str(foo, foo); + __entry->bar = bar; + ), + + TP_printk("foo %s %d", __get_str(foo), __entry->bar) +); + +int foo_bar_reg(void); +void foo_bar_unreg(void); + +/* + * Now in the case that some function needs to be called when the + * tracepoint is enabled and/or when it is disabled, the + * TRACE_EVENT_FN() serves this purpose. This is just like TRACE_EVENT() + * but adds two more parameters at the end: + * + * TRACE_EVENT_FN( name, proto, args, struct, assign, printk, reg, unreg) + * + * reg and unreg are functions with the prototype of: + * + * void reg(void) + * + * The reg function gets called before the tracepoint is enabled, and + * the unreg function gets called after the tracepoint is disabled. + * + * Note, reg and unreg are allowed to be NULL. If you only need to + * call a function before enabling, or after disabling, just set one + * function and pass in NULL for the other parameter. + */ +TRACE_EVENT_FN(foo_bar_with_fn, + + TP_PROTO(const char *foo, int bar), + + TP_ARGS(foo, bar), + + TP_STRUCT__entry( + __string( foo, foo ) + __field( int, bar ) + ), + + TP_fast_assign( + __assign_str(foo, foo); + __entry->bar = bar; + ), + + TP_printk("foo %s %d", __get_str(foo), __entry->bar), + + foo_bar_reg, foo_bar_unreg +); + +/* + * Each TRACE_EVENT macro creates several helper functions to produce + * the code to add the tracepoint, create the files in the trace + * directory, hook it to perf, assign the values and to print out + * the raw data from the ring buffer. To prevent too much bloat, + * if there are more than one tracepoint that uses the same format + * for the proto, args, struct, assign and printk, and only the name + * is different, it is highly recommended to use the DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS + * + * DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS() macro creates most of the functions for the + * tracepoint. Then DEFINE_EVENT() is use to hook a tracepoint to those + * functions. This DEFINE_EVENT() is an instance of the class and can + * be enabled and disabled separately from other events (either TRACE_EVENT + * or other DEFINE_EVENT()s). + * + * Note, TRACE_EVENT() itself is simply defined as: + * + * #define TRACE_EVENT(name, proto, args, tstruct, assign, printk) \ + * DEFINE_EVENT_CLASS(name, proto, args, tstruct, assign, printk); \ + * DEFINE_EVENT(name, name, proto, args) + * + * The DEFINE_EVENT() also can be declared with conditions and reg functions: + * + * DEFINE_EVENT_CONDITION(template, name, proto, args, cond); + * DEFINE_EVENT_FN(template, name, proto, args, reg, unreg); + */ +DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(foo_template, + + TP_PROTO(const char *foo, int bar), + + TP_ARGS(foo, bar), + + TP_STRUCT__entry( + __string( foo, foo ) + __field( int, bar ) + ), + + TP_fast_assign( + __assign_str(foo, foo); + __entry->bar = bar; + ), + + TP_printk("foo %s %d", __get_str(foo), __entry->bar) +); + +/* + * Here's a better way for the previous samples (except, the first + * exmaple had more fields and could not be used here). + */ +DEFINE_EVENT(foo_template, foo_with_template_simple, + TP_PROTO(const char *foo, int bar), + TP_ARGS(foo, bar)); + +DEFINE_EVENT_CONDITION(foo_template, foo_with_template_cond, + TP_PROTO(const char *foo, int bar), + TP_ARGS(foo, bar), + TP_CONDITION(!(bar % 8))); + + +DEFINE_EVENT_FN(foo_template, foo_with_template_fn, + TP_PROTO(const char *foo, int bar), + TP_ARGS(foo, bar), + foo_bar_reg, foo_bar_unreg); + +/* + * Anytime two events share basically the same values and have + * the same output, use the DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS() and DEFINE_EVENT() + * when ever possible. + */ + +/* + * If the event is similar to the DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS, but you need + * to have a different output, then use DEFINE_EVENT_PRINT() which + * lets you override the TP_printk() of the class. + */ + +DEFINE_EVENT_PRINT(foo_template, foo_with_template_print, + TP_PROTO(const char *foo, int bar), + TP_ARGS(foo, bar), + TP_printk("bar %s %d", __get_str(foo), __entry->bar)); + +#endif + +/***** NOTICE! The #if protection ends here. *****/ + + +/* + * There are several ways I could have done this. If I left out the + * TRACE_INCLUDE_PATH, then it would default to the kernel source + * include/trace/events directory. + * + * I could specify a path from the define_trace.h file back to this + * file. + * + * #define TRACE_INCLUDE_PATH ../../samples/trace_events + * + * But the safest and easiest way to simply make it use the directory + * that the file is in is to add in the Makefile: + * + * CFLAGS_trace-events-sample.o := -I$(src) + * + * This will make sure the current path is part of the include + * structure for our file so that define_trace.h can find it. + * + * I could have made only the top level directory the include: + * + * CFLAGS_trace-events-sample.o := -I$(PWD) + * + * And then let the path to this directory be the TRACE_INCLUDE_PATH: + * + * #define TRACE_INCLUDE_PATH samples/trace_events + * + * But then if something defines "samples" or "trace_events" as a macro + * then we could risk that being converted too, and give us an unexpected + * result. + */ +#undef TRACE_INCLUDE_PATH +#undef TRACE_INCLUDE_FILE +#define TRACE_INCLUDE_PATH . +/* + * TRACE_INCLUDE_FILE is not needed if the filename and TRACE_SYSTEM are equal + */ +#define TRACE_INCLUDE_FILE trace-events-sample +#include diff --git a/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_printk/Makefile b/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_printk/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fbf91ab --- /dev/null +++ b/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_printk/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +# +# Makefile for the LDD-LinuxDeviceDrivers. +# +# Author: gatieme +# Create: 2016-07-29 15:50:46 +# Last modified: 2016-07-29 16:10:29 +# Description: +# This program is loaded as a kernel(v2.6.18 or later) module. +# Use "make install" to load it into kernel. +# Use "make remove" to remove the module out of kernel. +# +# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +# my driver description +DRIVER_VERSION := "1.0.0" +DRIVER_AUTHOR := "Gatieme @ AderStep Inc..." +DRIVER_DESC := "Linux input module for Elo MultiTouch(MT) devices" +DRIVER_LICENSE := "Dual BSD/GPL" + + +MODULE_NAME := trace-printk + +#CFG_FLAGS += -O2 -I./ +#EXTRA_CFLAGS += $(C_FLAGS) $(CFG_INC) $(CFG_INC) +MODCFLAGS:=-O6 -Wall -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ -DLINUX -I$(PWD) -std=c99 + + + +ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),) + + + + +obj-m := $(MODULE_NAME).o #print_vmarea.o + +else + +KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build + +PWD := $(shell pwd) + +modules: + make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules + +modules_install: + make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install + + + +insmod: + sudo insmod $(MODULE_NAME).ko + +reinsmod: + sudo rmmod $(MODULE_NAME) + sudo insmod $(MODULE_NAME).ko + +github: + cd $(ROOT) && make github + +rmmod: + sudo rmmod $(MODULE_NAME) + +test : + sudo ../injector/memInjector -l stack -m random -t word_0 --time 1 --timeout 3 -p 1 + +clean: + make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) clean + rm -f modules.order Module.symvers Module.markers + +.PHNOY: + modules modules_install clean + + + +endif + diff --git a/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_printk/trace-printk.c b/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_printk/trace-printk.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4742a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/books/kernel-sample/sample/trace_printk/trace-printk.c @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +#include +#include +#include + +/* Must not be static to force gcc to consider these non constant */ +char *trace_printk_test_global_str = + "This is a dynamic string that will use trace_puts\n"; + +char *trace_printk_test_global_str_irq = + "(irq) This is a dynamic string that will use trace_puts\n"; + +char *trace_printk_test_global_str_fmt = + "%sThis is a %s that will use trace_printk\n"; + +static struct irq_work irqwork; + +static void trace_printk_irq_work(struct irq_work *work) +{ + trace_printk("(irq) This is a static string that will use trace_bputs\n"); + trace_printk(trace_printk_test_global_str_irq); + + trace_printk("(irq) This is a %s that will use trace_bprintk()\n", + "static string"); + + trace_printk(trace_printk_test_global_str_fmt, + "(irq) ", "dynamic string"); +} + +static int __init trace_printk_init(void) +{ + init_irq_work(&irqwork, trace_printk_irq_work); + + trace_printk("This is a static string that will use trace_bputs\n"); + trace_printk(trace_printk_test_global_str); + + /* Kick off printing in irq context */ + irq_work_queue(&irqwork); + + trace_printk("This is a %s that will use trace_bprintk()\n", + "static string"); + + trace_printk(trace_printk_test_global_str_fmt, "", "dynamic string"); + + return 0; +} + +static void __exit trace_printk_exit(void) +{ +} + +module_init(trace_printk_init); +module_exit(trace_printk_exit); + +MODULE_AUTHOR("Steven Rostedt"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("trace-printk"); +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");